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10th Class - English-AP

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10th Class - English-AP
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The Proposal 9th Lesson

Thinking about the Text
Question 1.
What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere when he later says "And Ive always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son"? Find reasons for your answer from the play?

Answer: Chubukov first suspected that Lomov had come to him to ask for some money. He had his own reasons for that. Lomov had rather unusually come in the formal evening dress before he made submissive appeals for help to Chubukov. Chubukov was NOT sincere in saying that he had always loved Lomov as if Lomov were his own son. Reasons to support this stand abound in the play

Question 2.
Chubukov says of Natalya: ". as if she wont consent! Shes in love; egad, shes like a lovesick cat." Would you agree? Find reasons for your answer?

Answer: Chubukov said that his daughter Natalya was in deep love. He added that Natalya would definitely agree to the proposal. I do agree to the point that Natalya would welcome the proposal. But I have my own reservations in believing that Natalyas acceptance was rooted in her love. Hers was more of convenience and compulsion than of concern or love

Question 3.
  1. Find all the words and expressions in the play that the characters use to speak about each other, and the accusations and insults they hurl at each other. (For example, Lomov in the end calls Chubukov an intriguer; but earlier, Chubukov has himself called Lomov a "malicious, doublefaced intriguer." Again, Lomov begins by describing Natalya as "an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, welleducated.")
  2. Then think of five adjectives or adjectival expressions of your own to describe each character in the play
  3. Can you now imagine what these characters will quarrel about next

Answer:

  1. Expresions of accusations are many in the play. Some of them are : Milksop! Fool! rat! Jesuit! Intriguer! catch black beetles, not foes ! turnip - ghost; blind hen ; monster ; scarecrow; villain ; rascal ; malicious ; double faced ; gambler ; hump-backed ; had lunacy in your family and so on ...
  2. Lomov: nervous, pretentious, egoistical, stubborn, unreasonable Natalya : selfish, ambitious; well-educated ; skilful aggressive Chubukov : insincere ; irresponsible; bad-tempered; garrulous; suspecting
  3. These characters would quarrel about anything on this earth and everything under the sky
Thinking about Language
Question 1.
This play has been translated into English from the Russian original. Are there any expressions or ways of speaking that strike you as more Russian than English? For example, would an adult man be addressed by an older man as my darling or my treasure in an English play? Read through the play carefully, and find expressions that you think are not used in contemporary English, and contrast these with idiomatic modern English expressions that also occur in the play?

Answer:

old usage contemporary usage
How may you be getting on How about you
Spit it out Tell me at once
egad wow! And many more
Question 2.
Look up the following words in a dictionary and find out how to pronounce them. Pay attention to how many syllables there are in each word, and find out which syllable is stressed, or said more forcefully?

Answer:

Question 3.
Look up the following phrases in a dictionary to find out their meaning, and then use each in a sentence of your own?
  1. You may take it that
  2. He seems to be coming round
  3. My foots gone to sleep

Answer:

  1. You may take it that: the listener knows well the fact I am going to start a new firm. You may take it that no force on earth can stop me
  2. He seems to be coming round: He appears to change his opinion and take a different stand from his earlier one. He blindly argued that his team was the best in the district. After going through some records, he seemed to come round and was willing to agree with his friends
  3. My foots gone to sleep: My foot is without feeling (sensation) as I put it in an awkward position for too long. I squatted on the uneven floor for quite a long time and when I tried to stand up and walk I realised that my foots gone to sleep
II. Reported Speech

A sentence in reported speech consists of two parts: a reporting clause, which contains the reporting verb, and the reported clause. Look at the following sentences

  1. "I went to visit my grandma last week," said Mamta
  2. Mamta said that she had gone to visit her grandma the previous week
  3. In sentence (a), we have Mamtas exact words. This is an example of direct speech. In sentence (b), someone is reporting what Mamta said. This is called indirect speech or reported speech. A sentence in reported speech is made up of two parts - a reporting clause and a reported clause
  4. In sentence (b), Mamta said is the reporting clause containing the reporting verb said. The other clause - that she had gone to visit her grandma last week - is the reported clause. Notice that in sentence (b) we put the reporting clause first. This is done to show that we are not speaking directly, but reporting someone elses words. The tense of the verb also changes; past tense (went) becomes past perfect (had gone). Here are some pairs of sentences in direct and reported speech. Read them carefully, and do the task that follows
  5. LOMOV: Honoured Stepan Stepanovitch, do you think I may count on her consent? (Direct Speech)
  6. Lomov asked Stepan Stepanovitch respectfully if he thought he might count on her consent. (Reported Speech)
  7. LOMOV: Im getting a noise in my ears from excitement. (Direct Speech)
  8. Lomov said that he was getting a noise in his ears from excitement. (Reported Speech)
  9. NATALYA: Why havent you been here for such a long time? (Direct Speech)
  10. Natalya Stepanovna asked why he hadnt been there for such a long time. (Reported Speech)
  11. CHUBUKOV: Whats the matter? (Direct Speech)
  12. Chubukov asked him what the matter was. (Reported Speech)
  13. NATALYA: My mowers will be there this very day ! (Direct Speech)
  14. Natalya Stepanovna declared that her mowers would be there that very day. (Reported Speech)

You must have noticed that when we report someones exact words, we have to make some changes in the sentence structure. In the following sentences fill in the blanks to list the changes that have occurred in the above pairs of sentences. One has been done for you

  1. To report a question, we use the reporting verb asked _____________ (as in Sentence Set 1)
  2. To report a statement, we use the reporting verb _____________
  3. The adverb of place here changes to _____________
  4. When the verb in direct speech is in the present tense, the verb in reported speech is in the tense (as in Sentence Set 3)_____________
  5. If the verb in direct speech is in the present continuous tense, the verb in reported speech changes to _____________ tense. For example, _____________ changes to was getting
  6. When the sentence in direct speech contains a word denoting respect, we add the adverb _____________ in the reporting clause (as in Sentence Set 1)
III. Here is an excerpt from an article from the Times of India dated 27 August 2006. Rewrite it, changing the sentences in direct speech into reported speech. Leave the other sentences unchanged
Question.
"Why do yoin want to know my age? If people know I am so old, I wont get work!" laughs 90-year-old A. K. Hangal, one of Hindi cinemas most famous character actors. For his age, he is rather energetic. "Whats the secret?" we ask. "My intake of everything is in small quantities. And I walk a lot," he replies. "I joined the industry when people retire. I was in my 40s. So I dont miss being called a star. I am still respected and given work, when actors of my age are living in poverty and without work. I dont have any complaints," he says, adding, "but yes, I have always been underpaid." Recipient of the Padma Bhushan, Hangal never hankered after money or materialistic gains. "No doubt I am content today, but money is important. I was a fool not to understand the value of money earlier," he regrets?

Answer:

  1. The 90 -year-old-A.K.Hangal asked them why they wanted to know his age. He laughingly added that If people knew that he was so old, he wouldnt get work
  2. We asked him what the secret was
  3. He answered that his intake of everything was in small quantities and he walked a lot.
  4. He added that he had joined the industry when people would retire
  5. He continued that he had been in his 40s (when he joined the industry)
  6. He further said that he wouldnt miss being called a star
  7. He claimed that he was still respected and given work, when actors of his age were living in poverty and without work
  8. He went on saying that he had no complaints
  9. He gave the additional information by saying that he had always been underpaid
  10. He said that he was, without any doubt, content then
  11. He regretfully added that money was important and that he had been a fool not to understand the value of money much before that time
Speaking
Question 1.
Anger Management: As adults, one important thing to learn is how to manage our temper. Some of us tend to get angry quickly, while others remain calm. Can you think of three ill effects that result from anger? Note them down. Suggest ways to avoid losing your temper in such situations. Are there any benefits from anger?

Answer: Anger is the worst of all human emotions. Our own anger is our enemy. Anger could arise from disappointment, failure, missing something, not being respected, loved, etc. But one must remember that external reasons never cause anger. It is always ones reaction to outside factors that results in anger. Ill effects that result from anger are many. Some of them are

  1. We lose our mental peace
  2. We lose friends and relatives
  3. We lose opportunities and wealth along with reputation
  4. Counting, before responding to a situation, from one to fifty is the best way to avoid losing temper. Benefits from anger ? No, never. Even if there are, they are not desirable
Question 2.
In pairs, prepare a script based on the given excerpt from The Home and the World by Rabindranath Tagore. You may write five exchanges between the characters with other directions such as movements on stage and way of speaking, etc?

One afternoon, when I happened to be specially busy, word came to my office room that Bimala had sent for me. I was startled. "Who did you say had sent for me?" I asked the messenger. "The Rani Mother." "The Bara Rani ?" "No, sir, the Chota Rani Mother." The Chota Rani ! It seemed a century since I had been sent for by her

I kept them all waiting there, and went off into the inner apartments. When I stepped into our room I had another shock of surprise to find Bimala there with a distinct suggestion of being dressed up. The room, which from persistent neglect, had latterly acquired an air of having grown absent-minded, had regained something of its old order this afternoon. I stood there silently, looking enquiringly at Bimala

She flushed a little and the fingers of her right hand toyed for a time with the bangles on her left arm. Then she abruptly broke the silence. "Look here! Is it right that ours should be the only market in all Bengal which allows foreign goods?"

"What, then, would be the right thing to do?" I asked. "Order them to be cleared out!" "But the goods are not mine." "Is not the market yours?" "It is much more theirs who use it for trade." "Let them trade in Indian goods, then." "Nothing would please me better. But suppose they do not?" "Nonsense! How dare they be so insolent? Are you not." "I am very busy this afternoon and cannot stop to argue it out. But I must refuse to tyrannise." "It would not be tyranny for selfish gain, but for the sake of the country." "To tyrannise for the country is to tyrannise over the country. But that I am afraid you will never understand." With this I came away

Answer: (My office room. Going through some important files. The table is full of papers. Time : afternoon) Messenger: Sir, Rani garu wants to see you. Me: Who did you say want to see me? Messenger : (a bit nervous) The Rani Mother. Me : (still not clear) Is it Bara Rani ? Messenger : (tensely) No, Sir, the Chota Rani Mother. (It is long since she visited me.) (I get in and come back after a few minutes. Shocked to see Bimala sitting there.) Bimala: It is not good to sell foreign goods here. (in a firm tone) Me : (in a sarcastic tone) What, then, is good? Bimala : (unyielding) Order all foreign goods out. Me: The goods are not mine. Bimala: But the market is yours! Me: As long as they use the market, it is theirs. Bimala: Ask them to sell only Indian goods, then, in the market. Me : How can I be so authoritative ? Bimala: You need to be, for the sake of the country

Question 3.
In groups, discuss the qualities one should look for in a marriage partner. You might consider the following points?

Personal qualities

  1. Appearance or looks
  2. Attitudes and beliefs
  3. Sense of humour

Value system

  1. Compassion and kindness
  2. Tolerance, ambition
  3. Attitude to money and wealth
  4. Education and professional background

Answer: In the context of thinking of a marriage partner, looking for qualities that match ones is very useful. Appearance should get the least priority. Attitudes and beliefs and sense of humour count a lot. Compassion, tolerance, achievable ambition, care for, but not attachment to money and wealth are welcome features. Education in the same field and of the same level and professional compatibility are desirable

Question 4.
Are there parts of the play that remind you of film scenes from romantic comedies? Discuss this in groups, and recount to the rest of the class episodes similar to those in the play?

Answer: Yes, there are quite a good number of scenes in the play remind us of scenes from romantic comedies. Scenes of proposals from unequal - in looks, education, social status - partners resulting in melodrama are innumerable. In some scenes we witness prospective grooms being shocked to speechlessness or even brides surprised and shocked. Such scenes appeal to audience and help the movies become popular

Activity
Question 1.
The word proposal has several meanings. Can you guess what sort of proposal the play is about?
  1. a suggestion, plan or scheme for doing something
  2. an offer for a possible plan or action
  3. the act of asking someones hand in marriage

Answer: the act of asking someones hand in marriage

A Russian Wedding

Do you know anything about a Russian marriage ceremony? Read this article about a Russian wedding. Preparations for a Russian Wedding: A Russian wedding is very simple. The planning only includes arranging for rings, brides dress, cars, and a reception. Earlier, the brides family paid for the reception, but nowadays brides and grooms families usually share expenses. A Russian wedding lasts for two days; some weddings last as long as a week, and the occasion becomes something to remember for years

The necessary part of the wedding ceremony is a wedding procession of several cars. The best friends of the groom/ bride meet before the wedding a few times, make posters, write speeches and organise contests. When the groom arrives to fetch the bride for the registration, he has to fight to get her! Russians usually live in apartments in tall buildings, and the groom has to climb several stairs to reach his bride. But at each landing he must answer a question to be allowed to go up. The brides friends ask difficult questions (sometimes about the bride, sometimes just difficult riddles), and the groom must answer with the help of his friends. For example, he may be shown a few photos of baby girls and he must say which one his bride is

If he guesses wrong, he must pay cash to move ahead. After the marriage registration, the newly-married couple leaves the guests for a tour of the city sights. After two or three hours of the city tour the couple arrives at the reception. The couple sits at a specially arranged table with their family, friends and invited guests. The reception starts with toasts to the couple. A wedding toast is a custom where a close friend or relative of the groom or the bride says a few words to wish the couple, then everyone raises their glass of wine, and drink it up at the same moment. The groom is then asked to kiss the bride

After a few toasts, people start eating and drinking, and generally have fun. After some time, the bride gets stolen! She disappears, and when the groom starts looking for her, he is asked to pay a fee. Usually it is his friends who steal the bride. Then there are the brides friends - they steal the brides shoe. The groom must pay money for the shoe too. The guests enjoy watching these tussles, and continue partying

Question 2.
Do you think Indian and Russian weddings have any customs in common? With the help of a partner, fill in the table below. Wedding Ceremonies in Russia and India?
Customs similar to Indian ones Customs different from Indian ones
   
   
   
   

Answer:

Customs similar to Indian ones Customs different from Indian ones
wedding rings prolonged rituals absent in Russian wedding
friends of bride and groom making fun no priests; mantras
reception; food parents of groom/bride do not play major role
gatherings; procession Russian wedding quite simple
Additional Questions I. Read the following excerpt carefully

CHUBUKOV : My dear fellow, whom do I see! Ivan Vassilevitch! I am extremely glad! [Squeezes his hand] Now this is a surprise, my darling. How are you

LOMOV : Thank you. And how may you be getting on

CHUBUKOV : We just get along somehow, my angel, thanks to your prayers, and so on. Sit down, please do. Now, you know, you shouldnt forget all about your neighbours, my darling. My dear fellow, why are you so formal in your get-up ! Evening dress, gloves, and so on. Can you be going anywhere, my treasure

LOMOV : No. Ive come only to see you, honoured Stepan Stepanovitch

CHUBUKOV : Then why are you in evening dress, my precious? As if youre paying a New Years Eve visit

LOMOV : Well, you see, its like this. [Takes his arm] Ive come to you, honoured Stepan Stepanovitch, to trouble you with a request. Not once or twice have I already had the privilege of applying to you for help, and you have always, so to speak. I must askyour pardon, I am getting excited. I shall drink some water, honoured Stepan Stepanovitch. [Drinks.]

CHUBUKOV : [aside] Hes come to borrow money. Shant give him any! [aloud] What is it, my beauty

Question 1.
What is the relationship between Chubukov and Lomov?

Answer: Chubukov is Lomovs neighbor

Question 2.
Why does Chubukov comment on Lomovs attire?

Answer: Chubukov comments on Lomovs attire because Lomov is dressed formally for no apparent reason

Question 3.
Why does Lomov apologize and drink water?
  1. He is feeling unwell
  2. He is nervous and excited
  3. He wants to delay the conversation

Answer: He is nervous and excited

Question 4.
What does Chubukov think Lomov has come for?
  1. To borrow money
  2. To discuss a business proposal
  3. To seek advice

Answer: To borrow money

Question 5.
How does Chubukov address Lomov?
  1. Darling
  2. Precious and Angel
  3. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

II. Read the following excerpt carefully

LOMOV : You see, Honoured Stepanitch. I beg pardon Stepan Honouritch. I mean, Im awfully excited, as you will please notice. In short, you alone can help me, though I dont deserve it, of course. and havent any right to count on your assistance.

CHUBUKOV : Oh, dont go round and round it, darling! Spit it out! Well? LOMOV : One moment. this very minute. The fact is Ive come to ask the hand of your daughter, Natalya Stepanovna, in marriage. CHUBUKOV : [joyfully] By Jove! Ivan Vassilevitch! Say it again - I didnt hear it all! LOMOV : I have the honour to ask. CHUBUKOV : [interrupting] My dear fellow. Im so glad, and so on. Yes, indeed, and all that sort of thing. [Embraces and kisses Lomov] Ive been hoping for it for a long time. Its been my continual desire. [Sheds a tear] And Ive always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son. May God give you both - His help and His love and so on, and so much hope. What am I behaving in this idiotic way for? Im off my balance with joy, absolutely off my balance! Oh, with all my soul. Ill go and call Natasha, and all that. LOMOV : [greatly moved] Honoured Stepan Stepanovitch, do you think I may count on her consent? CHUBUKOV : Why, of course, my darling, and. as if she wont consent! Shes in love; egad, shes like a lovesick cat, and so on. Shant be long! [Exit.]

Question 1.
What does Lomov want to ask Chubukov?

Answer: Lomov wants to ask for Chubukovs daughters hand in marriage

Question 2.
How does Chubukov react when Lomov finally states his request?

Answer: Chubukov reacts joyfully and embraces Lomov

Question 3.
Why does Chubukov interrupt Lomovs speech?
  1. He is impatient
  2. He is surprised
  3. He is emotional

Answer: He is impatient

Question 4.
How does Chubukov express his joy?
  1. By embracing and kissing Lomov and by shedding tears
  2. By expressing his continual desire for the marriage
  3. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Question 5.
Why does Chubukov leave the room?
  1. To call Natalya
  2. To compose himself
  3. To avoid the conversation

Answer: To call Natalya

III. Read the following excerpt carefully

LOMOV : Its cold. Im trembling all over, just as if Id got an examination before me. The great thing is, I must have my mind made up. If I give myself time to think, to hesitate, to talk a lot, to look for an ideal, or for real love, then Ill never get married

Brr. Its cold! Natalya Stepanovna is an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, well-educated. What more do I want? But Im getting a noise in my ears from excitement. [Drinks] And its impossible for me not to marry. In the first place, Im already 35 - a critical age, so to speak. In the second place, I ought to lead a quiet and regular life. I suffer from palpitations, Im excitable and always getting awfully upset; at this very moment my lips are trembling, and theres a twitch in my right eyebrow. But the very worst of all is the way I sleep

I no sooner get into bed and begin to go off, when suddenly something in my left side gives a pull, and I can feel it in my shoulder and head. I jump up like a lunatic, walk about a bit and lie down again, but as soon as I begin to get off to sleep theres another pull! And this may happen twenty times. [Natalya Stepanovna comes in.] NATLYA : Well, there! Its you, and papa said, "Go; theres a merchant come for his goods." How do you do, Ivan Vassilevitch

Question 1.
How does Lomov feel as he prepares to propose?

Answer: Lomov feels cold and nervous, comparing his feelings to having an examination

Question 2.
Why does Lomov feel its important to make up his mind quickly about marriage?

Answer: Lomov feels its important to make up his mind quickly about marriage because he believes hesitation will prevent him from ever getting married

Question 3.
What is one reason Lomov gives for feeling compelled to marry?
  1. He is in love with Natalya
  2. He is experiencirig health issues
  3. He is pressured by societal expectations

Answer: He is experiencirig health issues

Question 4.
What physical symptoms does Lomov experience?
  1. Trembling all over and palpitations
  2. Twitching in his right eyebrow and pull in his left side
  3. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Question 5.
How does Natalya initially mistake Lomovs presence?
  1. She thinks he is a visitor for her father
  2. She thinks he is a merchant
  3. She thinks he is there to propose

Answer: She thinks he is a visitor for her father

IV Read the following excerpt carefully

LOMOV : How do you do, honoured Natalya Stepanovna? NATALYA : You must excuse my apron and neglige. Were shelling peas for drying. Why havent you been here for such a long time? Sit down. [They seat themselves.] Wont you have some lunch? LOMOV : No, thank you, Ive had some already. NATALYA : Then smoke. Here are the matches. The weather is splendid now, but yesterday it was so wet that the workmen didnt do anything all day. How much hay have you stacked? Just think, I felt greedy and had a whole field cut, and now Im not at all pleased about it because Im afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have waited a bit. But whats this? Why, youre in evening dress! Well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what? Though I must say you look better. Tell me, why are you got up like that

LOMOV : [excited] You see, honoured Natalya Stepanovna. the fact is, Ive made up my mind to ask you to hear me out. Of course youll be surprised and perhaps even angry, but a. [aside] Its awfully cold

Question 1.
Why does Natalya apologize for her appearance?

Answer: Natalya apologizes for her appearance because she is shelling peas for drying

Question 2.
How does Lomov respond to Natalyas offer of lunch?

Answer: Lomov declines lunch as he has already eaten

Question 3.
What does Natalya offer Lomov after declining lunch?
  1. Tea
  2. Coffee
  3. Smoke

Answer: Smoke

Question 4.
Why is Natalya concerned about her hay?
  1. She thinks it might rot and she feels she cut too much hay
  2. Shes worried about the weather
  3. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Question 5.
How does Natalya react to Lomovs attire?
  1. She finds it amusing
  2. She thinks he looks better than usual
  3. She is surprised and questions his reason for dressing up

Answer: She is surprised and questions his reason for dressing up

V. Read the following excerpt carefully

NATALYA : Whats the matter? [pause] Well? LOMOV : I shall try to be brief. You must know, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, that I have long, since my childhood, in fact, had the privilege of knowing your family. My late aunt and her husband, from whom, as you know, I inherited my land, always had the greatest respect for your father and your late mother. The Lomovs and the Chubukovs have always had the most friendly, and I might almost say the most affectionate, regard for each other. And, as you know, my land is a near neighbour of yours. You will remember that my Oxen Meadows touch your birchwoods

NATALYA : Excuse my interrupting you. You say, "my Oxen Meadows". But LOMOV : Yes, mine. NATALYA : What are you talking about? Oxen Meadows are ours, not yours ! LOMOV : No, mine, honoured Natalya Stepanovna. NATALYA : Well, I never knew that before. How do you make that out? LOMOV : How? Im speaking of those Oxen Meadows which are wedged in between your birchwoods and the Burnt Marsh. NATALYA : Yes, yes. theyre ours

Question 1.
Why does Natalya interrupt Lomov?

Answer: Natalya interrupts Lomov to question his statement about the Oxen Meadows

Question 2.
What is the connection between Lomovs family and Natalyas family?

Answer: Lomovs late aunt and her husband, from whom he inherited his land, had a respectful relationship with Natalyas family

Question 3.
What is the cause of confusion regarding the Oxen Meadows?
  1. Ownership dispute
  2. Unclear boundaries
  3. Both A and B

Answer: Both A and B

Question 4.
How does Lomov assert ownership of the Oxen Meadows?
  1. By inheritance and by purchase
  2. By historical connection
  3. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Question 5.
How does Natalya react when Lomov claims ownership of the Oxen Meadows?
  1. She is surprised and questions his claim
  2. She immediately accepts his claim
  3. She becomes angry and defensive

Answer: She is surprised and questions his claim

VI. Read the following excerpt carefully.

LOMOV : No, youre mistaken, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, theyre mine. NATALYA : Just think, Ivan Vassilevitch! How long have they been yours? LOMOV : How long? As long as I can remember. NATALYA : Really, you wont get me to believe that! LOMOV : But you can see from the documents, honoured Natalya Stepa-novna. Oxen Meadows, its true, were once the subject of dispute, but now everybody knows that they are mine. Theres nothing to argue about

You see my aunts grandmother gave the free use of these Meadows in perpetuity to the peasants of your fathers grandfather, in return for which they were to make bricks for her. The peasants belonging to your fathers grandfather had the free use of the Meadows for forty years, and had got into the habit of regarding them as their own, when it happened that.

NATALYA : No, it isnt at all like that! Both grandfather and great-grandfather reckoned that their land extended to Burnt Marsh - which means that Oxen Meadows were ours. I dont see what there is to argue about. Its simply silly! LOMOV : Ill show you the documents, Natalya Stepanovna! NATALYA : No, youre simply joking, or making fun of me. What a surprise! Weve had the land for nearly three hundred years, and then were suddenly told that it isnt ours! Ivan Vassilevitch, I can hardly believe my own ears. These Meadows arent worth much to me. They only come to five dessiatins, and are worth perhaps 300 roubles, but I cant stand unfairness. Say what you will, I cant stand unfairness

Question 1.
How does Lomov justify his claim to the Oxen Meadows?

Answer: Lomov justifies his claim to the Oxen Meadows by referring to historical documents and arrangements

Question 2.
What was the historical arrangement regarding the Oxen Meadows?

Answer: Lomovs aunts grandmother gave the free use of the Meadows in perpetuity to the peasants of Natalyas fathers grandfather

Question 3.
What is Natalyas reaction to Lomovs claim?
  1. She is amused
  2. She is surprised
  3. She is angry

Answer: She is angry

Question 4.
How does Lomov propose to settle the dispute?
  1. By showing documents
  2. By calling a lawyer
  3. By dividing the land

Answer: By showing documents

Question 5.
What bothers Natalya the most about the dispute?
  1. The financial value of the land
  2. The historical ownership
  3. The principle of fairness

Answer: The principle of fairness

VII. Read the following excerpt carefully

LOMOV : Hear me out, I implore you! The peasants of your fathers grandfather, as I have already had the honour of explaining to you, used to bake bricks for my aunts grandmother. Now my aunts grandmother, wishing to make them a pleasant. NATALYA : I cant make head or tail of all this about aunts and grandfathers and grandmothers. The Meadows are ours, thats all. LOMOV : Mine. NATALYA : Ours! You can go on proving it for two days on end, you can go and put on fifteen dress jackets, but I tell you theyre ours, ours, ours! I dont want anything of yours and I dont want to give anything of mine. So there

LOMOV : Natalya Stepanovna, I dont want the Meadows, but I am acting on principle. If you like, Ill make you a present of them. NATALYA : I can make you a present of them myself, because theyre mine! Your behaviour, lvan Vassilevitch, is strange, to say the least! Up to this we have always thought of you as a good neighbour, a friend; last year we lent you our threshing-machine, although on that account we had to put off our own threshing till November, but you behave to us as if we were gypsies. Giving me my own land, indeed! No, really, thats not at all neighbourly! In my opinion, its even impudent, if you want to know

Question 1.
How does Lomov propose to resolve the dispute?

Answer: Lomov proposes to resolve the dispute by offering to make Natalya a present of the Meadows

Question 2.
What is Natalyas response to Lomovs attempts to prove ownership?

Answer: Natalya rejects Lomovs attempts to prove ownership and insists that the Meadows are hers

Question 3.
How does Natalya describe Lomovs behaviour?
  1. Neighborly
  2. Friendly
  3. Impudent

Answer: Impudent

Question 4.
Why did Natalyas family lend Lomov their threshing-machine?
  1. As a gesture of goodwill
  2. Because they were friends
  3. Both A and B

Answer: Both A and B

Question 5.
How does Natalya feel about Lomovs offer to make her a present of the Meadows?
  1. Grateful
  2. Indifferent
  3. Insulted

Answer: Insulted

VIII. Read the following excerpt carefully

LOMOV : Then you make out that Im a landgrabber? Madam, never in my life have I grabbed anybody elses land and I shant allow anybody to accuse me of having done so. [Quickly steps to the carafe and drinks more water] Oxen Meadows are mine! NATALYA : Its not true, theyre ours! LOMOV : Mine! NATALYA : Its not true! Ill prove it! Ill send my mowers out to the Meadows this very day!

LOMOV : What? NATALYA : My mowers will be there this very day! LOMOV : Ill give it to them in the neck! NATALYA : You dare! LOMOV : [Clutches at his heart] Oxen Meadows are mine! You understand? Mine! NATALYA : Please dont shout! You can shout yourself hoarse in your own house but here I must ask you to restrain yourself! LOMOV : If it wasnt, madam, for this awful, excruciating palpitation, if my whole inside wasnt upset, Id talk to you in a different way! [Yells] Oxen Meadows are mine! NATALYA : Ours! LOMOV : Mine! NATALYA : Ours! LOMOV : Mine!

Question 1.
How does Lomov react to Natalyas accusation of being a landgrabber?

Answer: Lomov vehemently denies being a landgrabber

Question 2.
What action does Natalya threaten to take to prove ownership of the Meadows?

Answer: Natalya threatens to send her mowers to the Meadows to assert ownership

Question 3.
How does Lomov respond to Natalyas threat?
  1. He threatens legal action
  2. He becomes defensive
  3. He agrees to share the Meadows

Answer: He becomes defensive

Question 4.
What physical ailment does Lomov experience during the argument?
  1. Palpitation
  2. Headache
  3. Nausea

Answer: Palpitation

Question 5.
How does Natalya react to Lomovs shouting?
  1. She becomes angry
  2. She asks him to restrain himself
  3. She shouts back

Answer: She asks him to restrain himself

The Proposal Summary in English

The Proposal" is a one-act play. It is a social farce. It exposes the hypocrisy of the characters - the landlords. In the process, it brings out various fallacies man suffers from. It also proves that human relations are money relations. The play entertains and instructs readers. The theme is simple - the marriage proposal. The characters are just three: Lomov - the proposing young man, Natalya - the proposed, Chubukov - Natalyas father. The conversations are elaborate. The comic effect is ultimate. They are landlords. They are neighbours. Lomov is thirty five. He is not yet married. He believes that he cannot postpone his marriage any further. He thinks Natalya serves his needs. Natalya too is very much interested in marrying Lomov

But their interests have their roots not in themselves but in their properties. A pity indeed ! Lomov comes to Chubukov in an unusually formal dress. He pretends excessive obedience. He uses ceremonial language. He pleads for help. Then he goes on beating about the bush. At last he expresses his desire to marry Natalya. Chubukov beats Lomov in affectation of love for him. He agrees to the proposal. But he wants Natalyas consent. For that he sends Natalya to Lomov. Chubukov tells Natalya that the merchant has come for his goods. Natalya fails to understand it. She meets Lomov. She is surprised to see his formal dress

By way of telling Natalya the purpose of his visit, Lomov chooses a round about path. In the process, he refers to a piece of land, Oxen Meadows. He claims that the land belongs to him. Natalya objects to it and says it is their property. An argument ensues. It gets heated. It prolongs. Allegations, accusations, charges, counter charges, abuses continue. Chubukov enters then. He adds to the intensity. Tempers rise. Balance is lost. Lomov complains of heart pain. He leaves their home in a fit of anger. Then Chubukov tells Natalya in plain language that Lomov has come to propose to her. Natalya blames father for not informing her of this. She asks her father, rather, hysterically to bring Lomov back. He obeys his daughters order. Lomov comes back. Chubukov leaves the room. Even nQw they dont come to the topic of proposal

They begin an argument about the superiority of their dogs. The drama repeats. Lomov, in anger, drops into an arm chair and becomes speechless. Natalya calls for a doctor. Chubukov who has joined the argument, grows almost mad. He waits no more. He pushes both of them together. He asks them to kiss each other. He declares their marriage is over. The play ends so abruptily - and their marriage ceremony too

Important Question

AP Board 10th Class English 9th Lesson The Proposal Important Questions and Answers

Study Skills

I. Read the pie chart carefully Now, answer the following Questions
Question1).
What percentage of readers prefer Mystery books?

Answer: 35%

Question2).
How many readers favour Romance books?

Answer: 20%

Question3).
What is the percentage of readers who prefer Science Fiction books?
(A)
  1. 15%
  2. 25%
  3. 10%

Answer:

  1. 15%
Question4).
If there are 400 readers in total, how many readers prefer Fantasy books? (A)
  1. 100
  2. 75
  3. 150

Answer:

  1. 100
5)What proportion of readers favour Historical Fiction books? (A)
  1. 5%
  2. 10%
  3. 15%

Answer:

  1. 5%
II. Read the bar chart carefully Now, answer the following Questions
Question1).
How many students passed the Math subject?

Answer: 25 students

Question2).
What is the total number of students who passed all subjects?

Answer: 100 students (25 + 30 + 20 + 15 + 10)

Question3).
In which subject did the fewest students pass? ©
  1. Science
  2. English
  3. Geography

Answer:

  1. Geography
Question4).
How many more students passed Science than Geography?
(B)
  1. 15
  2. 20
  3. 25

Answer:

  1. 20
Question5).
How many students passed either English or History?
(B)
  1. 30
  2. 35
  3. 40

Answer:

  1. 35
III. Study the following table carefully Now, answer the following Questions
Question1).
What is the total sales of Product A in all regions combined?

Answer: 450

Question2).
In which region did Product B have the highest sales?

Answer: North

Question3).
Which product had the lowest sales overall?
(B)
  1. Product A
  2. Product B
  3. Product C

Answer:

  1. Product B
Question4).
What is the total sales in the South region?
(A)
  1. 310
  2. 320
  3. 330

Answer:

  1. 310
Question5).
What is the average sales per product in the East region?
©
  1. 90
  2. 110
  3. 116.7

Answer:

  1. 116.7
IV. Read the pie chart carefully Now, answer the following Questions
Question1).
What percentage of friends prefer Pepperoni as their pizza topping?

Answer: 40%

Question2).
How many friends prefer Hawaiian pizza?

Answer: 10%

Question3).
What is the percentage of friends who prefer Margherita pizza?
(A)
  1. 20%
  2. 25%
  3. 15%

Answer:

  1. 20%
Question4).
If there are 50 friends in total, how many friends prefer Vegetarian pizza?
(A)
  1. 7
  2. 8
  3. 10

Answer:

  1. 7
Question5).
What proportion of Triends prefer Meat Feast pizza?
(A)
  1. 15%
  2. 10%
  3. 20%

Answer:

  1. 15%

Section - B

Grammar & Vocabulary

Combining Sentences Using who/which/that, etc

Exercise - 1
Question1.
The actor won an Oscar. He starred in the latest blockbuster. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: The actor who starred in the latest blockbuster won an Oscar

Question2.
The nurse works at the hospital. She saved a patients life yesterday. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: The nurse who saved a patients life yesterday works at the hospital

Question3.
My cousin is a professional athlete. He competes in international tournaments. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: My cousin, who competes in international tournaments, is a professional athlete

Question4.
The restaurant serves Italian cuisine. It is located downtown. (Combine the sentences using which)?

Answer: The restaurant, which is located downtown, serves Italian cuisine

Question5.
The laptop has a touchscreen display. It was released last year. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: The laptop that was released last year has a touchscreen display

Question6.
The weather forecast predicts rain. We should bring umbrellas. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: The weather forecast that predicts rain suggests we should bring umbrellas

Question7.
The professor gave a lecture. I attended it yesterday. (Combine the sentences using whose)?

Answer: The professor whose lecture I attended yesterday gave a lecture

Question8.
I met a journalist. I admire her investigative reporting. (Combine the sentences using whom)?

Answer: I met a journalist whom I admire for her investigative reporting

Question9.
We hired a gardener. I recommended him for the job. (Combine the sentences using whom)?

Answer: We hired a gardener whom I recommended for the job

Question10.
She introduced me to her brother. I have heard great things about him. (Combine the sentences using whom)?

Answer: She introduced me to her brother whom I have heard great things about

Exercise - 2
Question1.
The volunteer helps at the shelter. She walks the dogs every evening. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: The volunteer who walks the dogs every evening helps at the shelter

Question2.
The journalist reported on the political scandal. She works for a major newspaper. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: The journalist who works for a major newspaper reported on the political scandal

Question3.
I visited a city. It is known for its historic landmarks. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: I visited a city that is known for its historic landmarks

Question4.
They change animal skins into leather. It is called tanning. (Combine the sentences using which)?

Answer: They change animal skins into leather which is called tanning

Question5.
The movie has an intriguing plot. It kept me on the edge of my seat. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: The movie that kept me on the edge of my seat has an intriguing plot

Question6.
Sudheer read a newspaper article. It was inspirational to him. (Combine the sentences using which)?

Answer: Sudheer read a newspaper article which was inspirational to him

Question7.
The dog barks loudly. It annoys the neighbours. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: The dog that annoys the neighbours barks loudly

Question8.
The phone rang in the middle of the night. It woke me up. (Combine the sentences using that)?

Answer: The phone that woke me up rang in the middle of the night

Question9.
Alekhya is a precocious girl. She is very sharp. (Combine the sentences using who)?

Answer: Alekhya, who is very sharp, is a precocious girl

Question10.
I have a friend. I trust her with my deepest secrets. (Combine the sentences using whom)?

Answer: I have a friend whom I trust with my deepest secrets

Voice

Change the following sentences into Passive Voice Exercise - 1
Question1.
The children built a sandcastle on the beach?

Answer: A sandcastle was built on the beach by the children

Question2.
The company launched a new advertising campaign?

Answer: A new advertising campaign was launched by the company

Question3.
Sarah watered the plants in the garden?

Answer: The plants in the garden were watered by Sarah

Question4.
The chef cooked a gourmet meal for the guests?

Answer: A gourmet meal for the guests was cooked by the chef

Question5.
The teacher graded the students assignments?

Answer: The students assignments were graded by the teacher

Question6.
John fixed the broken bicycle in the garage?

Answer: The broken bicycle in the garage was fixed by John

Question7.
The volunteers cleaned up the litter in the park?

Answer: The litter in the park was cleaned up by the volunteers

Question8.
The mechanic repaired the engine of the car?

Answer: The engine of the car was repaired by the mechanic

Question9.
The artist painted a beautiful portrait of his wife?

Answer: A beautiful portrait of his wife was painted by the artist

Question10.
The doctor treated the patients illness with antibiotics?

Answer: The patients illness was treated with antibiotics by the doctor

Exercise - 2
Question1.
They marketed our products?

Answer: Our products were marketed (by them)

Question2.
They declared emergency?

Answer: Emergency was declared

Question3.
The teacher asked me to go and sit on the back bench?

Answer: I was asked by the teacher to go and sit on the back bench

Question4.
Who wrote the Ramayana?

Answer: By whom was the Ramayana written

Question5.
I know her?

Answer: She is known to me

Question6.
Someone has stolen my pen?

Answer: My pen has been stolen

Question7.
The police have arrested the terrorist?

Answer: The terrorist has been arrested

Question8.
She is writing an examination?

Answer: An examination is being written by her

Question9.
Sheela can sing songs?

Answer: Songs can be sung by Sheela

Question10.
Close the door?

Answer: Let the door be closed

Combining the Sentences Using Linkers

Exercise - 1
Question1. She forgot her keys. She couldnt enter the house. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: She couldnt enter the house because she forgot her keys

Question2. He was very tired. He fell asleep during the movie. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: He fell asleep during the movie because he was very tired

Question3. The children were noisy. I couldnt concentrate on my work. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: I couldnt concentrate on my work because the children were noisy

Question4. The restaurant was full. We had to wait for a table. (Combine the sentences using since)?

Answer: We had to wait for a table since the restaurant was full

Question5. He had never worn shoes. His feet developed cracks. (Combine the sentences using since)?

Answer: His feet developed cracks since he had never worn shoes

Question6. She was nervous. She had to give a presentation. (Combine the sentences using although)?

Answer: She had to give a presentation although she was nervous

Question7. The students were attentive. The teacher was pleased. (Combine the sentences using as)?

Answer: The teacher was pleased as the students were attentive

Question8. He was late. He missed the beginning of the concert. (Combine the sentences using becaqse)?

Answer: He missed the beginning of the concert because he was late

Question9. The road was icy. The car skidded off the road. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: The car skidded off the road because the road was icy

Question10. She was busy. She forgot to reply to his message. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: She forgot to reply to his message because she was busy

Exercise - 2
Question1.
She was hungry. She ate a sandwich. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: She ate a sandwich because she was hungry

Question2.
The weather was cold. They decided to stay indoors. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: They decided to stay indoors because the weather was cold

Question3.
He missed the train. He arrived late for work. (Combine the sentences using since)?

Answer: He arrived late for work since he missed the train

Question4.
The music was loud. They couldnt hear each other. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: They couldnt hear each other because the music was loud

Question5.
The room was small. They managed to fit all the furniture. (Combine the sentences using although)?

Answer: They managed to fit all the furniture although the room was small

Question6.
He was ill. He went to the doctor. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: He went to the doctor because he was ill

Question7.
The movie was boring. They left before it finished. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: They left before the movie finished because it was boring

Question8.
She was excited. She couldnt sit still. (Combine the sentences using because)?

Answer: She couldnt sit still because she was excited

Question9.
The traffic was heavy. He arrived late for the meeting. (Combine the sentences using when)?

Answer: He arrived late for the meeting when the traffic was heavy

Question10.
The cat was playful. It chased its tail around the house. (Combine the sentences using as)?

Answer: The cat chased its tail around the house as it was playful

Suitable Prepositions

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in the brackets
Question1.Exercise ?
  1. The project was delayed the unexpected weather conditions. (in front of/ because of/ according to)
  2. the schedule, the meeting will start at 9:00 AM sharp. (In addition to / According to / For the sake of)
  3. She made the reservation her family members. (on behalf of / due to / by means of)
  4. his age, he managed to complete the marathon. (In front of/ In spite of/ For the sake of)
  5. The team succeeded their hard work and dedication. (in front of/ because of/ for the sake of)
  6. The conference was attended by delegates from many countries the world. (due to / in addition to / according to)
  7. He apologized the inconvenience caused. (in front of/ due to / for the sake of)
  8. She was awarded the scholarship her academic achievements. (in addition to / on behalf of / because of)
  9. the instructions, please submit your application by the deadline. (According to / Because of/ In front of)
  10. The project was completed successfully the teams collaborative efforts. (in front of/ by means of/ because of)

Answer:

  1. because of
  2. According to
  3. on behalf of
  4. In spite of
  5. because of
  6. in addition to
  7. due to
  8. because of
  9. According to
  10. because of
Question2.Exercise ?
  1. The ball landed the roof. (in / on / at)
  2. They went for aj walk the beach. (in / on / at)
  3. The cookies are the jar. (in / on / at)
  4. The cat is the box. (in /on / at)
  5. We arrived the airport. (in /on /at)
  6. The painting is the easel. (in / on / at)
  7. The spider spun its web the corner. (in /on /at)
  8. The keys were left the counter. (in / on / at)
  9. She sat the edge of the bed. (in / on / at)
  10. The boat sailed the river. (in / on / at)

Answer:

  1. on
  2. on
  3. in
  4. in
  5. at
  6. on
  7. in
  8. on
  9. on
  10. on

Suitable Forms of the Verbs

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using correct form of the verb given in brackets
Question1.Exercise ?
  1. By the time I arrived, they ____ (finish) their lunch
  2. She ____ (work) as a teacher for ten years before she retired
  3. They ____ (not/go) to the cinema last night because they had already seen the movie
  4. By next year, I ____ (save) enough money to buy a new car
  5. He ____ (live) in London for five years before he moved to Paris
  6. When ____ I was a child, I ____ (dream) of becoming a pilot
  7. She ____ (cook) dinner when the guests arrived
  8. By the time they arrive, I ____ (clean) the house
  9. They ____ (travel) to Japan twice in the past
  10. I ____ (not/see) that movie yet

Answer:

  1. had finished
  2. had worked
  3. did not go
  4. will have saved
  5. had lived
  6. used to dream
  7. was cooking
  8. will have cleaned
  9. travelled
  10. have not seen
Question2.Exercise ?
  1. The team ____ (is/are) planning a strategy for the game
  2. One of the students ____ (has/have) forgotten to submit the assignment
  3. The pile of books on the table ____ (needs/need) to be organized
  4. Mathematics ____ (is/are) his favorite subject
  5. The news about the accident ____ (is/are) disturbing
  6. The committee members _____ (has/have) decided on the new policy
  7. A pair of shoes ____ (was/were) left in the hallway
  8. The herd of elephants ____ (was/were) grazing in the field
  9. The majority of the students ____ (prefer/prefers) to study in groups
  10. Each of the apples ____ (is/are) ripe

Answer:

  1. is
  2. has
  3. needs
  4. is
  5. is
  6. have
  7. was
  8. were
  9. prefer
  10. is

Giving a Suitable Advise or Suggestion

Exercise - 1
Question1.
Your classmate is having difficulty concentrating during study sessions. Advise him / her to find a quiet and distraction-free environment, take regular breaks, and practice mindfulness or meditation techniques?

Answer: Finding a quiet and distraction-free environment, taking regular breaks, and practicing mindfulness or meditation techniques can help improve concentration during study sessions

Question2.
Your coworker is struggling to handle conflicts with colleagues. Advise him / her to listen actively, communicate assertively, and seek common ground for resolution?

Answer: Listening actively, communicating assertively, and seeking common ground for resolution can help handle conflicts with colleagues more effectively

Question3.
Your neighbour is experiencing frequent headaches and fatigue. Advise him / her to .stay hydrated, practice good posture, and consider seeking medical advice if symptoms persist?

Answer: Staying hydrated, practicing good posture, and considering seeking medical advice if symptoms persist can help alleviate headaches and fatigue

Question4.
Your friend wants to become more environmentally conscious but doesnt know where to start. Advise him / her to reduce, reuse, and recycle, conserve energy, and educate themselves on sustainable practices?

Answer: Reducing, reusing, and recycling, conserving energy, and educating yourself on sustainable practzces can help you become more environmentally consciou

Question5.
Your sibling is struggling to find motivation for regular exercise. Advise him / her to choose activities they enjoy, set achievable goals, and find an exercise buddy for accountability?

Answer: Choosing activities you enjoy, setting achievable goals, and finding an exercise buddy for accountability can help you find motivation for regular exercise

Question6.
Your teammate wants to improve their leadership skills. Advise him / her to lead by example, communicate effectively, and seek feedback from team members?

Answer: Leading by example, communicating effectively, and seeking feedback from team members can help you improve your leadership skills

Question7.
Your roommate is having trouble sticking to a healthy diet. Advise him / her to plan meals ahead, keep healthy snacks readily available, and practice mindful eating habits?

Answer: Planning meals ahead, keeping healthy snacks readily available, and practicing mindful eating habits can help you stick to a healthy diet

Question8.
Your colleague is struggling with public speaking anxiety. Advise him / her to practice relaxation techniques, visualize success, and start with smaller speaking engagements to build confidence?

Answer: Practicing relaxation techniques, visualizing success, and starting with smaller speaking engagements can help alleviate public speaking anxiety

Question9.
Your family member wants to improve their financial literacy. Advise him / her to educate themselves on budgeting, saving, and investing, and seek advice from financial professionals if needed?

Answer: Educating yourself on budgeting, saving, and investing, and seeking advice from financial professionals can help improve your financial literacy

Question10.
Your friend is feeling overwhelmed by social media pressure. Advise him / her to limit screen time, curate their social media feeds, and prioritize real-life connections and activities?

Answer: Limiting screen time, curating social media feeds, and prioritizing real-life connections and activities can help alleviate social media pressure

Exercise - 2
Question1.
Your classmate is struggling to stay focused while studying. Advise him / her to eliminate distractions, break study sessions into shorter intervals, and practice active learning techniques?

Answer: Eliminating distractions, breaking study sessions into shorter intervals, and practicing active learning techniques can help improve focus while studying

Question2.
Your coworker is feeling overwhelmed with work deadlines. Advise him / her to prioritize tasks, delegate when possible, and communicate with their supervisor about workload concerns?

Answer: Prioritizing tasks, delegating when possible, and communicating with your supervisor about workload concerns can help alleviate feeling overwhelmed with work deadlines

Question3.
Your neighbour is having difficulty coping with loss. Advise him / her to seek support from friends and family, consider joining a support group, and allow themselves time to grieve?

Answer: Seeking support from friends and family, considering joining a support group, and allowing yourself time to grieve can help cope with loss

Question4.
Your friend wants to improve their time management skills. Advise him / her to use a planner or digital calendar, set realistic goals, and practice saying no to non-essential tasks?

Answer: Using a planner or digital calendar, setting realistic goals, and practicing saying no to non-essential tasks can help improve time management skills

Question5.
Your sibling is struggling to find a job after graduation. Advise him / her to network with professionals in their field, tailor their resume to each job application, and consider seeking internships or volunteer opportunities for experience?

Answer: Networking with professionals, tailoring their resume, and considering internships or volunteer opportunities can help you find a job

Question6.
Your teammate is experiencing writers block while working on a project. Advise him / her to take a break and engage in a different creative activity, brainstorm ideas with a colleague, and consider changing their environment for inspiration?

Answer: Taking a break and engaging in a different creative activity, brainstorming ideas with a colleague, and changing their environment for inspiration can help overcome writers block

Question7.
Your roommate is feeling stressed about managing finances. Advise him / her to create a budget, track expenses, and explore ways to increase income or reduce spending?

Answer: Creating a budget, tracking expenses, and exploring ways to increase income or reduce spending can help manage finances more effectively

Question8.
Your colleague is struggling to maintain a work-life balance. Advise him / her to set boundaries between work and personal life, schedule leisure activities, and prioritize self-care?

Answer: Setting boundaries, scheduling leisure activities, and prioritizing self-care can help maintain a healthy work-life balance

Question9.
Your family member is experiencing difficulty sleeping at night. Advise him / her to establish a bedtime routine, create a comfortable sleep environment, and limit screen time before bed?

Answer: Establishing a bedtime routine, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and limiting screen time before bed can help Improve sleep quality

Question10.
Your friend is feeling anxious about an upcoming presentation. Advise him / her to practice relaxation techniques, visualize success, and focus on the content rather than perfection?

Answer: Practicing relaxation techniques, visualizing success, and focusing on the content can help alleviate anxiety about an upcoming presentation

Changing a Sentence into a Polite Request

Change the following sentence into a polite request Exercise - 1
Question1.
You to your friend: "Lend me your umbrella."?

Answer: Would you mind lending me your umbrella

Question2.
You to your coworker: "Email me the presentation slides."?

Answer: Could you please email me the presentation slides

Question3.
You to your sibling: "Set the table for dinner."?

Answer: Could you please set the table for dinner

Question4.
You to your neighbour: "Return my lawnmower when youre done."?

Answer: Would you mind returning my lawnmower when youre done

Question5.
You to your classmate: "Share your class notes with me."?

Answer: Could you please share your class notes with me

Question6.
You to your roommate: "Take out the trash."?

Answer: Could you please take out the trash

Question7.
You to your partner: "Make reservations for dinner tonight."?

Answer: Would you mind making reservations for dinner tonight

Question8.
You to your teacher: "Review my essay and provide feedback."?

Answer: Would you mind reviewing my essay and providing feedback

Question9.
You to your boss: "Consider me for the leadership training programme."?

Answer: Would you mind considering me for the leadership training programme

Question10.
You to your parents: "Pick me up from practice."?

Answer: Could you please pick me up from practice

Exercise - 2
Question1.
You to your friend: "Lend me your textbook."?

Answer: Would you mind lending me your textbook

Question2.
You to your coworker: "Print this document for me."?

Answer: Could you please print this document for me

Question3.
You to your sibling: "Pick up some milk on your way home."?

Answer: Could you please pick up some milk on your way home

Question4.
You to your neighbour: "Keep your dog from barking late at night."?

Answer: Would you mind keeping your dog from barking late at night

Question5.
You to your classmate: "Explain this math problem to me."?

Answer: Would you mind explaining this math problem to me

Question6.
You to your roommate: "Turn down the volume on the TV."?

Answer: Would you mind turning down the volume on the TV

Question7.
You to your partner: "Make reservations for our anniversary dinner."?

Answer: Would you mind making reservations for our anniversary dinner

Question8.
You to your teacher: "Extend the deadline for the assignment."?

Answer: Could you please extend the deadline for the assignment

Question9.
You to your boss: "Provide me with more training opportunities."?

Answer: Would you mind providing me with more training opportunities

Question10.
You to your parent: "Drop me off at the bus station."?

Answer: Could you please drop me off at the bus station

Identifying the Expression

What do the following sentences mean? Put a tick (?) mark against the right answer Exercise - 1
Question1. i).
Could you please lend me a hand with this heavy box?

Answer:

  • Requesting help (?)
  • Refusing help ( )
  • Seeking permission ( )
  • Seeking advice ( )
    • Questionii).
    I apologize for the inconvenience caused by the delay?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing (?)
    2. Offering help ( )
    3. Requesting ( )
    4. Complimenting ( )
    Question2. i).
    m not sure which movie to watch tonight. Any recommendations?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice (?)
    Questionii).
    Could you please pass me the menu?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Requesting (?)
    3. Ordering ( )
    4. Thanking ( )
    Question3. i).
    Im having trouble figuring out how to solve this math problem. Can you help me?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help (?)
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking help ( )
    Questionii).
    Im sorry, but I cannot accompany you to the party tonight?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Declining invitation (?)
    4. Seeking advice ( )
    Question4. i).
    Do you mind if I sit here?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing permission ( )
    3. Seeking permlission (?)
    4. Offering help ( )
    Questionii).
    Please remember to water the plants while Im away?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Requesting (?)
    3. Ordering ( )
    4. Refusing permission ( )
    Question5. i).
    Im not sure if I should buy this dress or not. What do you think?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice (?)
    Questionii).
    Im sorry if my remarks came across as insensitive?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing (?)
    2. Refusing permission ( )
    3. Thanking ( )
    4. Declining invitation ( )
    Exercise - 2
    Question1. i).
    If you need assistance with your homework, just let me know?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help (?)
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice ( )
    Questionii).
    You must wear your seatbelt while driving?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Refusing permission ( )
    3. Requesting ( )
    4. Ordering (?)
    Question2. i).
    Im having a hard time making a decision. Can you offer any guidance?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice (?)
    Questionii).
    Im sorry, but I wont be able to lend you my car this weekend?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Offering help ( )
    3. Declining invitation ( )
    4. Refusing permission (?)
    Question3. i).
    No, thank you. I can manage by myself?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing help (?)
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice ( )
    Questionii).
    Would you mind helping me with this heavy box?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Requesting (?)
    3. Complimenting ( )
    4. Ordering ( )
    Question4. i).
    Is it alright if I leave early today?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help ( )
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission (?)
    4. Seeking advice ( )
    Questionii).
    Im really sorry, but I cannot join you for lunch today?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Offering help ( )
    3. Declining invitation (?)
    4. Ordering ( )
    Question5. i).
    Let me know if you need any assistance with the project?

    Answer:

    1. Offering help (?)
    2. Refusing help ( )
    3. Seeking permission ( )
    4. Seeking advice ( )
    Questionii).
    Please ensure that you complete the report by tomorrow morning?

    Answer:

    1. Apologizing ( )
    2. Requesting (?)
    3. Refusing permission ( )
    4. Ordering ( )

    Synonyms

    Read the paragraph and write the Synonyms of the underlined words choosing the , words given in the box
    Question1.
    [agreement, calculated, shaking, insane, piled, heartbeats] LOMOV : [greatly moved] Honoured Stepan Stepanovitch, do you think I may count on her consent ?
    1. CHUBUKOV : Why, of course, my darling, and. as if she wont consent! Shes in love; egad, shes like a lovesick cat, and so on. Shant be long! [Exit.] LOMOV : Its cold. Im trembling 
    2. all over, just as if Id got an examination before me. The great thing is, I must have my mind made up. If I give myself time to think, to hesitate, to talk a lot, to look for an ideal, or for real love, then Ill never get married. Brr. Its cold! Natalya Stepanovna is an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, well-educated. What more do I want? But Im getting a noise in my ears from excitement. [Drinks] And its impossible for me not to marry. In the first place, Im already 35 - a critical age, so to speak. In the second place, I ought to lead a quiet and regular life. I suffer from palpitations 
    3. , Im excitable and always getting awfully upset; at this very moment my lips are trembling, and theres a twitch in my right eyebrow. But the very worst of all is the way I sleep. I no sooner get into bed and begin to go off, when suddenly something in my left side gives a pull, and I can feel it in my shoulder and head. I jump up like a lunatic 
    4. , walk about a bit and lie down again, but as soon as I begin to get off to sleep theres another pull! And this may happen twenty times. [Natalya Stepanovna comes in.]

    Answer:

    1. agreement
    2. shaking
    3. heartbeats
    4. insane
    Question2.
    [stuck, farmers, disposition, swamp, eEternity, press] LOMOV : How? Im speaking of those Oxen Meadows which are wedged?
       
    1. in between vour birchwoods and the Burnt Marsh
      2.  
    2. NATALYA : Yes, yes. theyre ours. LOMOV : No, youre mistaken, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, theyre mine. NATALYA : Just think, Ivan Vassilevitch! How long have they been yours? LOMOV : How long? As long as I can remember. NATALYA : Really, you wont get me to believe that! LOMOV : But you can see from the documents, honoured Natalya Stepanovna. Oxen Meadows, its true, were once the subject of dispute, but now everybody knows that they are mine. Theres nothing to argue about. You see my aunts grandmother gave the free use of these Meadows in perpetuity 
    3. to the peasants of your fathers grandfather, in return for which they were to make bricks for her. The peasants 
    4. belonging to your fathers grandfather had the free use of the Meadows for forty years, and had got into the habit of regarding them as their own, when it happened that.

    Answer:

    1. stuck
    2. swamp
    3. eternity
    4. farmers
    Question3.
    [injustice, fields, calculated, currency, meddle, pulsating] NATALYA : No, it isnt at all like that! Both grandfather and great- grandfather reckoned?
       
    1. that their land extended to Burnt Marsh - which means that Oxen Meadows 
    2. were ours. I dont see what there is to argue about. Its simply silly! LOMOV : Ill show you the documents, Natalya Stepanovna! NATALYA : No, youre simply joking, or making fun of me. What a surprise! Weve had the land for nearly three hundred years, and then were suddenly told that it isnt ours! Ivan Vassilevitch, I can hardly believe my own ears. These Meadows arent worth much to me. They only come to five dessiatins, and are worth perhaps 300 roubles 
    3. , but I cant stand unfairness 
    4. . Say what you will, I cant stand unfairness

    Answer:

    1. calculated
    2. fields
    3. currency
    4. injustice
    Question4.
    [nightdress, piled, bewildered, magnificent, laborers, lineage] NATALYA : You must excuse my apron and neglige?
       
    1. Were shelling peas for drying. Why havent you been here for such a long time? Sit down. [They seat themselves.] Wont you have some lunch? LOMOV : No, thank you, Ive had some already. NATALYA : Then smoke. Here are the matches. The weather is splendid 
    2. now, but yesterday it was so wet that the workmen 
    3. didnt do anything all day. How much hay have you stacked 
    4. ? Just think, 1 felt greedy and had a whole field cut, and now Im not at all pleased about it because Im afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have waited a bit. But whats this? Why, youre in evening dress! Well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what? Though I must say you look better. Tell me, why are you got up like that

    Answer:

    1. nightdress
    2. magnificent
    3. laborers
    4. piled
    Question5.
    [heartbeats, meddle, plot, meddle, rudeness, purebred] CHUBUKOV : Yes really, what sort of a hunter are you, anyway? You ought to sit at home with your palpitations?
       
    1. and not go tracking animals. You could go hunting, but you only go to argue with people and interfere 
    2. with their dogs and so on. Lets change the subject in case I lose my temper 
    3. Youre not a hunter at all, anyway! LOMOV : And are you a hunter? You only go hunting to get in with the Count and to intrigue 
    4. . Oh, my heart! Youre an intriguer!

    Answer:

    1. heartbeats
    2. meddle
    3. mood
    4. plot
    Question6.
    [terrible, stumbles, pulsating, recognize, quiet, control] NATALYA : Why talk rot? Its awful ?
    1. ! Its time your Guess was shot, and you compare him with Squeezer! LOMOV : Excuse me, I cannot continue this discussion, my heart is palpitating 
    2. . NATALYA : Ive noticed that those hunters argue most who know least. LOMOV : Madam, please be silent 
    3. My heart is going to pieces. [shouts] Shut up! NATALYA : I shant shut up until you acknowledge 
    4. that Squeezer is a hundred times better than your Guess!

    Answer:

    1. terrible
    2. pulsating
    3. quiet
    4. recognize
    Question7.
    [stumbles, lineage, strawman, bewildered, rudeness, nomads] [Lomov staggers?
       
    1. out.] CHUBUKOV : Devil take him! [Walks about in excitement.] NATALYA : What a rascal! What trust can one have in ones neighbours after that! CHUBUKOV : The villain! The scarecrow 
    2. NATALYA : The monster! First he takes our land and then he has the impudence 
    3. to abuse us. CHUBUKOV : And that blind hen, yes, that turnip-ghost has the confounded 
    4. cheek to make a proposal, and so on! What? A proposal!

    Answer:

    1. stumbles
    2. strawman
    3. rudeness
    4. bewildered
    Question8.
    [exhausted, purebred, agonizing, exceeded, lineage, insanity] NATALYA : Of course hes better! Of course, Squeezer is young, he may develop a bit, but on points and pedigree?
       
    1. hes better than anything that even Volchanetsky has got. LOMOV : Excuse me, Natalya Stepanovna, but you forget that he is overshot 
    2. , and an overshot always means the dog is a bad hunter! NATALYA : Overshot, is he? The first time I hear it! LOMOV : I assure you that his lower jaw is shorter than the upper. NATALYA : Have you measured? LOMOV : Yes. Hes all right at following, of course, but if you want to get hold of anything. NATALYA : In the first place, our Squeezer is a thoroughbred 
    3. animal, the son of Harness and Chisels while theres no getting at the pedigree of your dog at all. Hes old and as ugly as a worn-out 
    4. cab-horse

    Answer:

    1. lineage
    2. exceeded
    3. purebred
    4. exhausted
    Question9.
    [beating, decanter, nomads, harvesters, torturous, curved] NATALYA : I can make you a present of them myself, because theyre mine! Your behaviour, Ivan Vassilevitch, is strange, to say the least! Up to this we have always thought of you as a good neighbour, a friend; last year we lent you our threshing-machine, although on that account we had to put off our own threshing ?
    1. till November, but you behave to us as if we were gypsies 
    2. . Giving me my own land, indeed! No, really, thats not at all neighbourly! In my opinion, its even impudent, if you want to know. LOMOV : Then you make out that Im a landgrabber? Madam, never in my life have I grabbed anybody elses land and I shant allow anybody to accuse me of having done so. [Quickly steps to the carafe 
    3. and drinks more water] Oxen Meadows are mine! NATALYA : Its not true, theyre ours! LOMOV : Mine! NATALYA : Its not true! Ill prove it! Ill send my mowers
      4.  
    4. out to the Meadows this very day!

    Answer:

    1. beating
    2. nomads
    3. decanter
    4. harvesters
    Question10.
    [rough, heart flutter, control, agonizing, alcoholic, swilling] LOMOV : [Clutches at his heart] Oxen Meadows are mine! You understand? Mine! NATALYA : Please dont shout! You can shout yourself hoarse?
       
    1. in your own house but here I must ask you to restrain 
    2. yourself! LOMOV : If it wasnt, madam, for this awful, excruciating 
    3. palpitation 
    4. , if my whole inside wasnt upset, Id talk to you in a different way! [Yells] Oxen Meadows are mine!

    Answer:

    1. rough
    2. control
    3. agonizing
    4. heart flutter
    Question11.
    [madness, alcoholic, drinking, hunched, surpassed, flailing] LOMOV : Never mind about my people! The Lomovs have all been honourable people, and not one has ever been tried for embezzlement, like your grandfather! CHUBUKOV : You Lomovs have had lunacy?
       
    1. in your family, all of you! NATALYA : All, all, all! CHUBUKOV : Your grandfather was a drunkard 
    2. , and your younger aunt, Nastasya Mihailovna, ran away with an architect, and so on. LOMOV : And your mother was hump-backed 
    3. . [Clutches at his heart] Something pulling in my side. My head.. Help! Water! CHUBUKOV : Your father was a guzzling 
    4. gambler!

    Answer:

    1. madness
    2. alcoholic
    3. hunched
    4. drinking

    Antonyms

    Read the paragraph and match the words given in Column A with the Antonyms in Column B
    Question1.
    We just get along somehow, my angel ?
    1. , thanks to your prayers, and so on. Sit down, please do. Now, you know, you shouldnt forget 
    2. all about your neighbours, my darling. My dear fellow, why are you so formal 
    3. in your get-up! Evening dress, gloves, and so on. Can you be going anywhere
      4.  
    4. , my treasure
    A   B
    a) angel   1) nowhere
    b) forget   2) burden
    c) formal   3) ignored
    d) anywhere   4) informal
        5) remember
        6) devil

    Answer:

    1. 6
    2. 5
    3. 4
    4. 1
    Question2.
    Well, you see, its like this. [Takes his arm] Ive come to you, honoured?
    1. Stepan Stepanovitch, to trouble 
    2. you with a request 
    3. . Not once or twice have I already had the privilege
      4.  
    4. of applying to you for help, and you have always, so to speak. I must ask your pardon, I am getting excited. I shall drink some water, honoured Stepan Stepanovitch
    A   B
    a) honoured   1) disadvantage
    b) trouble   2) demand
    c) request   3) recall
    d) privilege   4) ease
        5) disrespected
        6) relaxed

    Answer:

    1. 5
    2. 4
    3. 2
    4. 1
    Question3.
    My dear fellow. Im so glad, and so on. Yes, indeed, and all that sort of thing. [Embraces and kisses Lomov] Ive been hoping?
    1. for it for a long time. Its been my continual desire 
    2. . [Sheds a tear] And Ive always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son. May God give you both - His help and His love and so on, and so much hope. What am I behaving in this idiotic 
    3. way for? Im off my balance 
    4. with joy, absolutely off my balance! Oh, with all my soul. Ill go and call Natasha, and all that
    A   B
    a) hoping   1) intelligent
    b) desire   2)imbalnce
    c) idiotic   3) aversion
    d)balnce   4) despairing
        5) disrespected
        6) relaxed

    Answer:

    1. 4
    2. 3
    3. 1
    4. 2
    Question4.
    Its cold. Im trembling?
    1. all over, just as if Id got an examination before me. The great thing is, I must have my mind made up. If I give myself time to think, to hesitate 
    2. , to talk a lot, to look for an ideal, or for real love, then Ill never get married. Brr. Its cold! Natalya Stepanovna is an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, well- educated. What more do I want? But Im getting a noise in my ears from excitement 
    3. . [Drinks] And its impossible for me not to marry. In the first place, Im already 35 - a critical age, so to speak. In the second place, I ought to lead a quiet and regular life. I suffer from palpitations, Im excitable and always getting awfully upset; at this very moment my lips are trembling, and theres a twitch in my right eyebrow. But the very worst 
    4. of all is the way I sleep
    A   B
    a) trembling   1) decide
    b) hesitate   2) comfort
    c) excitement   3) steady
    d) worst   4) best
        5) burden
        6) boredom

    Answer:

    1. 3
    2. 1
    3. 6
    4. 4
    Question5.
    Then smoke. Here are the matches. The weather is splendid?
    1. now, hut yesterday it was so wet that the workmen didnt do anything all day. How much hay have you stacked? Just think, I felt greedy 
    2. and had a whole field cut, and now Im not at all pleased 
    3. about it because Im afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have waited a bit. But whats this? Why, youre in evening dress! Well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what? Though I must say you look better 
    4. . Tell me, why are you got up like that
    A   B
    a) splendid   1) displeased
    b) greedy   2) worse
    c) pleased   3) apathy
    d) better   4) firm
        5) selfless
        6) dull

    Answer:

    1. 6
    2. 5
    3. 1
    4. 2
    Question6.
    I shall try to be brief. You must know, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, that I have long, since my childhood, in fact, had the privilege of knowing your family. My late aunt and her husband, from whom, as you know, I inherited?
    1. my land, always had the greatest respect 
    2. for your father and your late mother. The Lomovs and the Chubukovs have always had the most friendly 
    3. , and I might almost say the most affectionate 
    4. , regard for each other. And, as you know, my land is a near neighbour of yours. You will remember that my Oxen Meadows touch your birchwoods
    A   B
    a) inherited   1) aloof
    b) respect   2) generous
    c) friendly   3) ordinary
    d) affectionate   4) unfriendly
        5) disrespect
        6) acquired

    Answer:

    1. 6
    2. 5
    3. 4
    4. 1
    Question7.
    But you can see ifrom the documents, honoured Natalya Stepanovna. Oxen Meadows, its true?
    1. were once the subject of dispute 
    2. but now everybody knows that they are mine. Theres nothing to argue 
    3. , about. You see my aunts grandmother gave the free use of these Meadows in perpetuity 
    4. to the peasants of vour fathers grandfather, in return for which they were to make bricks for her
    A   B
    a) true   1) impermanence
    b) dispute   2) departure
    c) argue   3) earned
    d) perpetuity   agree
        5) harmony
        6) false

    Answer:

    1. 6
    2. 5
    3. 4
    4. 1
    Question8.
    No, youre simply joking?
    1. or making fun of me. What a surprise! Weve had the land for nearly three hundred years. and then were suddenly 
    2. told that it isnt ours! Ivan Vassilevitch. I can hardly believe 
    3. my own ears. These Meadows arent worth much to me. They only come to five dessiatins, and are worth perhaps 300 roubles, but I cant stand unfairness 
    4. . Say what you will. I cant stand unfairness
    A   B
    a) joking   1) doubt
    b) suddenly   2) fairness
    c) believe   3) gradually
    d) unfairness   4) serious
        5) concur
        6) alienation

    Answer:

    1. 4
    2. 3
    3. 1
    4. 2
    Question9.
    I can make you a present of them myself, because theyre mine! Your behaviour, Ivan Vassilevitch, is strange?
    1. to say the least 
    2. ! Up to this we have always thought of you as a good neighbour, a friend; last year we lent you our threshing-machine, although on that account we had to put off our own threshing till November, but you behave to us as if we were gypsies. Giving me my own land, indeed! No, really 
    3. , thats not at all neighbourly! In my opinion, its even impudent 
    4. , if you want to know.
    A   B
    a) strange   a) most
    b) least   2) solemn
    c) really   3) familiar
    d) impudent   4) polite
        5) equity
        6) insincerely

    Answer:

    1. 3
    2. 1
    3. 6
    4. 4
    Question10.
    Rut, please, Stepan Stepanovitch. how can they be yours? Do be a reasonable?
    1. man! My aunts grandmother gave the Meadows for the temporary 
    2. and free use of your grandfathers peasants. The peasants used the land for forty years and got accustomed 
    3. to it as if it was their own 
    4. , when it happened that.
    A   B
    a) reasonable   1) borrowed
    b) temporary   2) unreasonable
    c) accustomed   3) courteous
    d) own   4) justice
        5) unaccustomed
        6) permanent

    Answer:

    1. 2
    2. 6
    3. 5
    4. 1

    Right Forms of the Words

    Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the right form of the words given in brackets
    Question1.
    The play is about the tendency of _______ ?
    1. (wealth / wealthy / wealthier) families to seek ties with other wealthy families, to increase their estates by _______
    2. (encourage / encouraged / encouraging) marriages that make good economic sense. Ivan Lomov, a long time wealthy neighbour of Stepan Chubukov, also wealthy, comes to seek the hand of Chubukovs twenty-five-year-old daughter, Natalya. All three are quarrelsome people, and they quarrel over petty issues. The proposal is in danger of being forgotten amidst all this _______
    3. (quarrell / quarrelled / quarrelling). But economic good sense ensures that the proposal is made, after all - although the quarrelling perhaps _______
    4. (continue / continues / continued)

    Answer:

    1. wealthy
    2. encouraging
    3. quarrelling
    4. continues
    Question2.
    My dear fellow. Im so glad, and so on. Yes, indeed, and all that sort of thing. [Embraces and kisses Lomov] Ive been _______ ?
    1. (hope / hoped / hoping) for it for a long time. Its been my continual _______
    2. (desire / desired / desiring). [Sheds a tear] And Ive always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son. May God give you both - His help and His love and so on, and so much hope. What am I _______
    3. (behave / behaved / behaving) in this idiotic way for? Im off my _______
    4. (balance/ balanced / balancing) with joy, absolutely off my balance! Oh, with all my soul. Ill go and call Natasha, and all that

    Answer:

    1. hoping
    2. desire
    3. behaving
    4. balance
    Question3.
    Its cold. Im _______ ?
    1. (tremble / trembled / trembling) all over, just as if Id got an _______
    2. (examining / examination / examined) before me. The great thing is, I must have my mind made up. If I give myself time to think, to hesitate, to talk a lot, to look for an ideal, or for real love, then Ill never get married. Brr. Its cold! Natalya Stepanovna is an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, well-educated. What more do I want? But Im getting a noise in my ears from _______
    3. (excite / excitement / excited). [Drinks] And its impossible for me not to marry. In the first place, Im already 35 - a critical age, so to speak. In the second place, I ought to lead a quiet and regular life. I suffer from _______
    4. (palpitation / palpitations / palpitated), Im excitable and always getting awfully upset; at this very moment my lips are trembling, and theres a twitch in my right eyebrow. But the very worst of all is the way I sleep

    Answer:

    1. trembling
    2. examination
    3. excitement
    4. palpitations
    Question4.
    Then smoke. Here are the matches. The weather is splendid now, but yesterday it was so wet that the workmen didnt do anything all day. How much hay have you _______ ?
    1. (stack /stacked / stacking)? Just think, I felt greedy and had a whole field cut, and now Im not at all _______
    2. (please / pleased /pleasing) about it because Im afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have _______
    3. (wait / waited / waiting) a bit. But whats this? Why, youre in evening dress! Well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what? Though 1 must say you look _______
    4. (good / better / best). Tell me, why are you got up like that

    Answer:

    1. stacked
    2. pleased
    3. waited
    4. better
    Question5.
    I shall try to be brief. You must know, _______ ?
    1. (honour / honoured / honouring) Natalya Stepanovna, that I have long, since my childhood, in fact, had the _______
    2. (privilege / privileged / privileging) of knowing your family. My late aunt and her husband, from whom, as you know, I _______
    3. (inherit / inherited / inheriting) my land, always had the _______
    4. (great / greater / greatest) respect for your father and your late mother

    Answer:

    1. honoured
    2. privilege
    3. inherited
    4. greatest

    Vowel Clusters

    Complete the spelling of the words choosing ae, ea ee, ei, oo, ou, ai ia/ie, io, oi, iii or au
    Question1.Exercise ?
    1. My d_ _r (a) fellow, whom do I s_ _(b)! Ivan Vassilevitch! I am extremely glad
    2. Sit down, pl_ _se (a) do. Now, you know, you shouldnt forget all about your neighb_ _rs (b), my darling
    3. Can you be going anywhere, my tr_ _sure
    4. No. Ive come only to see you, hon_ _red Stepan Stepanovitch
    5. My dear fellow. Im so glad, and so on. Yes, ind_ _d, and all that sort of thing
    6. May God give you both - His help and His love and so on, and so much hope. What am I behaving in this id_ _tic way for
    7. Why, of c_ _rse, my darling, and. as if she wont consent! Shes in love; egad, shes like a lovesick cat, and so on. Shant be long
    8. You must excuse my apron and neglige. Were shelling p s for drying
    9. Why havent you b_ _n (a) here for such a long time? Sit down. [They s_ _t (b) themselves.] Wont you have some lunch
    10. How much hay have you stacked? Just think, I felt gr_ _dy (a) and had a whole f_ _ld (b) cut, and now Im not at all pleased about it because Im afraid my hay may rot

    Answer:

    1. (a) deer (b) see
    2. (a) please (b) neighbours
    3. treasure
    4. honoured
    5. indeed
    6. idiotic
    7. course
    8. peas
    9. (a) been (b) seat
    10. (a) greedy (b) field
    Question2.Exercise ?
    1. I shall try to be br_ _f (a). You must know, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, that I have long, since my childh_ _d (b), in fact, had the privilege of knowing your family
    2. You will remember that my Oxen M_ _dows (a) t_ _ch (b) your birchwoods
    3. How ? Im sp_ _king (a) of those Oxen Meadows which are wedged in between your birchw_ _ds (b)and the Burnt Marsh
    4. You see my aunts grandmother gave the free use of these Meadows in perpet_ _ty (a) to the p_ _sants (b) of your fathers grandfather, in return for which they were to make bricks for her
    5. I dont see what there is to arg_ _about. Its simply silly!
    6. Say what you will, I cant stand unf_ _mess
    7. Hear me out, I implore you! The p_ _sants (a) of your fathers grandfather, as I have already had the honour of expl_ _ning (b) to you, used to bake bricks for my aunts grandmother
    8. I cant make head or t_ _l (a) of all this about nts (b) and grandfathers and grandmothers.
    9. Ours! You can go on proving it for two days on end, you can go and put on fift_ _n dress jackets, but I tell you theyre ours, ours, ours!
    10. Ivan Vassilevitch, is strange, to say the least! Up to this we have always thought of you as a good n_ _ghbour (a), a friend; last year we lent you our threshing-machine, although on that acc_ _nt (b) we had to put off our own threshing till November, but you behave to us as if we were gyps_ _s (c)

    Answer:

    1. (a) brief (b) childhood
    2. (a) Meadows (b)touch
    3. (a) speaking (b) brichwoods
    4. (a) perpetuity (b) peasants
    5. argue
    6. unfairness
    7. (a) peasants (b) explaining
    8. (a) tail (b) aunts
    9. fifteen
    10. (a) neighbour (b) account (c) gypsies

    Suffixes or Inflections

    Fill in the blanks of the following words with correct suffixes
    Question1.Exercise ?
    1. Then you make out that Im a landgrabber? Madam, never in my life have I grabb___(ing / ed) anybody elses land and I shant allow anybody to accuse me of having done so
    2. If it wasnt, madam, for this awful, excruciating palpitat___(a) (ed / ion), if my whole inside wasnt upset, Id talk to you in a differ___(b) (ant / ent) way! [Yells] Oxen Meadows are mine!
    3. Whats the matter? What are you shout___(ed / ing) for
    4. But, please, Stejpan Stepanovitch, how can they be yours? Do be a reason___(ing / able) man!
    5. Dear one, why yell like that? You wont prove anything just by yell___(ing / ed)
    6. Why should I? And you know, my belov___(a) (ed / ing), that if you propose to go on argu___(b) (ment / ing) about it, Id much sooner give up the Meadows to the peasants than to you. There!
    7. I, young man, am twice your age, and ask you to speak to me without agitat___(ed / ing) yourself, and all that
    8. No, you just think Im a fool and want to have me on! You call my land yours, and then you want me to talk to you calm___(a) (ness / ly) and polite___(b) (ness / ly)!
    9. The Lomovs have all been honour___(a) (ed / able) people, and not one has ever been tried for embezzle___(b) (ness / ment), like your grandfather
    10. Your father was a guzzl___(ed / ing) gambler

    Answer:

    1. grabbed
    2. (a) palpitation (b) different
    3. shouting
    4. reasonable
    5. yelling
    6. (a) beloved (b) arguing
    7. agitating
    8. (a) calmly (b) politely
    9. (a) honourable (b) embezzlement
    10. guzzling
    Question2.Exercise ?
    1. And that blind hen, yes, that turnip-ghost has the confound___(a) (ing / ed) cheek to make a propos___(b) (el / al), and so on! What? A proposal!
    2. [Lomov enters, exhausted.] My hearts palpitat___(a) (ed / ing) awful___(b) (ly / ness). My foots gone to sleep. Theres something that keeps pulling in my side..
    3. Forgive us, Ivan Vassilevitch, we were all a little heat (ing / ed).
    4. My hearts beating awfully. My Meadows. My eyebrows are both twitch___(ed / ing)...
    5. Are you going to start shoot___(ed / ing) soon?
    6. Im thinking of having a go at the blackcock, honour___(ing / ed) Natalya Stepanovna, after the harvest.
    7. I dont know. Must have got his leg twist___(ed / ing) or bitten by some other dog.
    8. I assure you that his lower jaw is short___(a) (er / est) than the upper. Have you measur___(b) (ment / ed)?
    9. Yes. Hes all right at follow___(ed / ing), of course, but if you want to get hold of anything.
    10. I dont like people who dont say what they mean, because you know perfect___(ion / ly) well that Squeezer is a hundred times better than your silly Guess

    Answer:

    1. (a) confounded (b) proposal
    2. (a) palpitating (b) awfully
    3. heated
    4. twitching
    5. shooting
    6. honoured
    7. twisted
    8. (a) shorter (b) measured
    9. following
    10. perfectly

    Identifying the Wrongly Spelt Word

    Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling
    Question1.Exercise ?

    Answer:

    1. reception
    2. procession
    3. quarrelsome
    4. amidst
    5. treasure
    6. assistant
    7. interrupt
    8. privilege
    9. affectionate
    10. peasants
    Question2.Exercise ?

    Answer:

    1. roubles
    2. accustomed
    3. honourable
    4. sausage
    5. proposal
    6. lunacy
    7. machine
    8. acknowledge
    9. interfere
    10. temporary

    Dictionary Skills

    Question1.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word affectionate?

    Answer: adjective

    Questionb).
    What is the synonym of the word affectionate?

    Answer: loving

    Question2.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word awfully?
    Answer adverb

    Questionb).
    What is the synonym of the word awfully?

    Answer: terribly

    Question3.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the synonym of the word continual?

    Answer: continuous

    Questionb).
    What is the adverb form of the word continual?

    Answer: continually

    Question4.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word excruciating?

    Answer: adjective

    Questionb).
    Write any two collocations using the word excruciatingly?

    Answer: excruciatingly painful; excruciatingly boring

    Question5.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the noun form of the word handsome?

    Answer: handsomeness

    Questionb).
    What are the other degrees of comparison of the word handsome?

    Answer: handsome, handsomer, handsomest / handsome, more handsome, most handsome

    Question6.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word ideal?

    Answer: adjective

    Questionb).
    Write the adverb form of the word ideal?

    Answer: ideally

    Question7.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What are the synonyms of the word malicious?

    Answer: malevolent, spiteful

    Questionb).
    What is the adverb form of the word malicious?

    Answer: maliciously

    Question8.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word precious?

    Answer: adjective

    Questionb).
    What are the synonyms of the word precious?

    Answer: treasured, affected

    Question9.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word privilege?

    Answer: noun, verb

    Questionb).
    What is the synonym of the word privilege?

    Answer: honour

    Question10.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the part of speech of the word splendid?

    Answer: adjective

    Questionb).
    Write any two collocations using the word splendid?

    Answer: splendid scenery; splendid idea

    Question11.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the pasft form of the word upset?

    Answer: upset

    Questionb).
    What is the synonym of the word upset?

    Answer: distress

    Question12.
    Read the following dictionary entry of the word?
    Now, answer the following Questions using the information above
    Questiona).
    What is the antonym of the word willing?

    Answer: unwilling

    Questionb).
    What is the adverb form of the word willing?

    Answer: willingly

    Classification of Words

    Arrange the following words under correct headings
    Question1.
    [merchant, meadows, housekeeper, lunatic, birchwood, Burnt Marsh, peasant, field]?
    Persons Places
    1. 1.
    2. 2.
    3. 3.
    4. 4.

    Answer:

    Persons Places
    1. merchant 1. meadows
    2.housekeeper 2.birchwood
    3.lunatic 3.Burnt Marsh
    4. peasant 4.field
    Question2.
    [neighbour, gypsy, aunt, grandfather, land grabber, intriguer, husband, grandmother]?
    Persons Relations
    1. 1.
    2. 2.
    3. 3.
    4. 4.

    Answer:

    Persons Relations
    1.neighbour 1.aunt
    2.gypsy 2.grandfather
    3.land grabber 3.husband
    4.intriguer 4.grandmother
    Question3.
    [gloves, peas, apron, knife, pistol, neglige, jacket, carafe]?
    Articles of clothing Things
    1. 1.
    2. 2.
    3. 3.
    4. 4.

    Answer:

    Articles of clothing Things
    1.gloves 1.peas
    2.apron 2.knife
    3.neglige 3.pistol
    4.jacket 4.carafe
    Question4.
    [fox, sheep, bullet, mowers, machine, dog, horse, hay]?
    Animals Things
    1. 1.
    2. 2.
    3. 3.
    4. 4.

    Answer:

    Animals Things
    1.fox 1.bullet
    2.sheep 2.machine
    3.dog 3.mowers
    4.horse 4.hay

    Matchings

    Match the phrases given under Columan A with their meanings given under Column B
    Question1.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) brrr   A) expresses surprise, anger or affirmation
    2) egad   B) an expression meant to ward off the evil eye
    my word   C) used to express hesitation
    d)tfoo   D) an exclamation used to suggest shivering
        E) used to show that you are surprised at some-thing
        F) used to express your happiness

    Answer:

    1. D
    2. A
    3. E
    4. B
    Question2.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) hear me out   A) an object made to resemble a human figure
    2) on principle   B) rude and not showing any respect
    3) to say the least   C) a way to grab someones attention
    4) has gone to sleep   D) to act in accordance with ones moral ideals
        E) not to describe something in the strongest way you could
        F) a feeling of numbness or tinging known temporary paresthesia

    Answer:

    1. C
    2. D
    3. E
    4. F
    Question3.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) pettifogger   A) used to expess discomfort, aversion, or impertinence
    2) scarecrow   B) an inferior legal practitioner
    3) milk sop   C) an object made to resemble a human figure set up to scare birds away from a field
    4) ouf   D) to give a short jerk or convulsive movement
        E) a person who is indecisive and lacks in courage
        F) to beg somebody earnestly

    Answer:

    1. B
    2. C
    3. E
    4. A
    Question4.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) my feet   A) used to express, discomfort or aversion
    2) verst   B) a way to grab ones attention
    3) lunatic   C) used to mean that you do not believe what another person has told you
    4) Ill cut my throat   D) a person who does crazy things that are often dangerous
        E) Russian measure of 1.1 kilometre
        F) to behave in a way that will cause harm to yourself

    Answer:

    1. C
    2. E
    3. D
    4. F
    Question5.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) my heart is biurst   A) to start
    2) worrying a sheep   B) to make a decision
    3) lose my temper   C) to give way from an excess of emotion
    4) has gone to sleep   D) chases and frightens it might also bite it
        E) to fail / manage to control your anger
        F) become numb

    Answer:

    1. C
    2. D
    3. E
    4. F
    Question 6.
    Column - A   Column - B
    1) you are under the slipper of your house-keeper   A) you are scared of your housekeeper
    2) to make up ones mind   B) explode
    3) cant make the head or tail of all   C) to make a decision
    4) go off   D) unable to understand
        E) start
        F) rude and not showing any respect

    Answer:

    1. A
    2. C
    3. D
    4. B

    SECTION - C

    CREATIVE EXPRESSION

    Conversation

    Question 1.
    When Lomov came to the Chubukovs house to propose to Natalyas hand in marriage, Natalya and her father Stepanovitch Chubukov abused Lomov, made derogatory and defaming remarks against Lomov and his family. They assaulted him and made a scathing attack on him and his family. Later they pitied him and they were sorry for that attack against him. They talked to each other and they accused themselves of being rude and indecent against Lomov. What would be the conversation between Natalya and her father Chubukov in this context?

    Answer: Chubukov : Im very sorry for the young man ! I pity him. Natalya : Me too. We are very much rude, impolite and indecent towards him. Chubukov : Yes. We cursed him, abused him and drove him out. I am very sorry my dear, Lomov. Natalya : We made derogarory remarks against him. We made defaming remarks against his family members. I too beg his pardon. Chubukov : Its all because of you. Natalya : No, it was because of you! Chubukov : I was very much delighted and thrilled when he made the proposal of having your hand in marriage. Natalya : You should have told me about it before it all happened. Chubukov : I thought, he would make the proposal to you straight away. But youve taken the conversation to another direction. Natalya : No. I was not. He was obstinate and adamant in his arguments. He claimed that Oxen Meadows belonged to him. Chubukov : You too did the same. You got aggravated and made a heated argument with him by being contemptuous and arrogant and inexorable. Natalya : You also humiliated him, made a scathing attack on his personality. Chubukov : Im very sorry for him. Please pardon my dear sir. Weve defamed you with our arrogance and weve behaved brutally towards you. Natalya : Sir Lomov ! I too pity you. We are inexcusable for our outrageous attitude towards you. I beg your pardon. We have hurt you with our savage, barbaric and unscrupulous outburst towards you. Chubukov : He is actually polite, amiable and social. Natalya : Yes. He is a gentleman but he is nervous and excitable. He is very much sensitive and is suffering from palpitations because he is distraught, anxious and perturbed with our excoriated attack on him. Chubukov : We should not have behaved so brutally against him. Our attitude towards him is inexpiable whereas he is affable. Natalya : Dad ! I implore you ! 1 beg you earnestly to fetch him back. Id like to marry him. First I want to apologise to him. Chubukov : I will bring him provided you make a promise that you should not make any illogical arguments against him. Natalya : I assure you, I wont make any petty arguments against him. Chubukov : Somehow, Ill persuade him, coax him and try to appease him with my pleasing words. See you

    Question 2.
    Environmental conservation focuses on the protection, preservation, and sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems. It encompasses efforts to safeguard biodiversity, mitigate pollution, address climate change, and promote overall environmental sustainability. You have read the lesson The Proposal and understood the significance of marshes and meadows in ecosystems and the importance of preserving wetlands. Now write a possible conversation between you and your science teacher?

    Answer: I : Good morning, Mr. Smith. I wanted to talk to you about something I learned in our literature class that I think is relevant to our science curriculum. Teacher : Good morning! Of course, Im always interested in connecting different subjects. What did you learn? I : Well, we were discussing the play "The Proposal," and there was a part about the importance of marshes and meadows in ecosystems. It got me thinking about environmental conservation and how crucial it is to preserve wetlands. Teacher : Thats an excellent connection to make! Wetlands are incredibly important ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to both wildlife and humans. They act as natural filters, improving water quality, and they serve as habitats for diverse plant and animal species. I : Yes, exactly! I learned that wetlands also help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water during heavy rainfall and storms. Plus, they store carbon, which helps mitigate climate change. Teacher : Absolutely. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, supporting a wide array of species and providing valuable services to the environment and society. Its crucial that we work to preserve and protect them. I : I completely agree. I think its important for us to raise awareness about the significance of wetlands and advocate for their conservation. Maybe we could even organize a school project or field trip to a nearby wetland area. Teacher : Thats a fantastic idea! Engaging in hands-on activities and getting out into nature is an excellent way to foster appreciation and understanding of the environment. Lets discuss it further and see how we can incorporate it into our curriculum. I : Great! Im really passionate§bout environmental conservation, and I think its essential for us to take action to protect our planets precious ecosystems. Teacher : I couldnt agree more. Its inspiring to see students like you who are enthusiastic about making a positive difference. Lets work together to make a meaningful impact on the preservation of wetlands and the environment as a whole

    Question 3.
    You have read the lesson The Book That Saved The Earth and understood the theme of miscommunication and misunderstanding in the play and its real-life implications. Now write a possible conversation between you and your friend Kiran?

    Answer: You : Hey Kiran, have you ever heard of the play "The Book That Saved The Earth"? Kiran : No, I havent. Whats it about? You : Its a hilarious story set in the future where Martians attempt to invade Earth but end up misinterpreting nursery rhymes as threats. Its all about miscommunication and misunderstanding. Kiran : That sounds intriguing! So, how does miscommunication play out in the story? You : Well, the Martians, led by their egotistical leader Think-Tank, misinterpret innocent nursery rhymes as coded messages indicating Earths military capabilities. For example, they interpret "Mistress Mary, quite contrary, How does your garden grow? With cockle shells and silver bells" as evidence of Earthlings growing explosives and rare metals in their gardens. Kiran : Thats hilarious! But it also highlights how misinterpretation can lead to serious consequences. Have you ever been in a situation where miscommunication caused problems? You : Definitely! I remember once during a group project, there was a misunderstanding about deadlines which led to confusion and unnecessary stress. Thankfully, we were able to sort it out by openly discussing our concerns and clarifying expectations. Kiran : Its amazing how miscommunication can escalate if not addressed promptly. The play seems like a humorous way to shed light on such a common issue. You : Absolutely! Its a lighthearted reminder of the importance of clear communication and understanding, both in fictional scenarios and real life. Kiran : Ill definitely have to check out the play sometime. Thanks for telling me about it! You : No problem! I think youll enjoy it. Plus, its a great conversation starter about the complexities of communication and the consequences of misunderstanding

    Diary Entry

    Question 1.
    When Lomov came to Chubukovs house to propose to Natalyas hand in marriage, Natalya and her father Chubukov abused Lomov, made derogatory and defaming remarks against him. Moreover she assaulted him and made a scathing attack against him and his family. He was hurt and went away humiliated. Natalya repented after retrospecting her brutal, savage, unscrupulous outburst towards him. She wanted to write her feelings in a diary entry. Assume yourself to be Natalya and write your feelings in this context as a diary entry?

    Answer: 4 December, 20xx Monday 9.30 p.m. Dear Diary, Today I am sorry for my attitude towards Lomov. I talked to him contemptuously, unscrupulously. Forgive us Ivan Vassilevitch. We should not have behaved brutally and savagely. We have defamed you, made derogatory remarks against you and your family. We have assaulted you and made a scathing attack against you. We are indecent and rude and ruthless. I should not have been adamant and stubborn in my arguments with you. I am very sorry. Please pardon my Sir. We pity you for our outrageous attitudes towards you. You are amiable, sociable, and affable. But we are coarse, rude and impudent. You are always honourable. But Ive made debasing remarks against your aunt and defaming remarks against your family members. We should not have talked in such a humiliating way. You dont have the habit of embezzle others property. But we accused you a malicious, double-faced intriguer. I am very sorry Sir, I called you a scarecrow and a turnip ghost in my scorn and arrogance. I beg your pardon Sir. Please excuse me. Dont think otherwise. You are gullible and sensible. We have hurt you with our scathing attack against you. Once again we beg your pardon. Natalya

    Question 2.
    You have read the lesson The Book That Saved the Earth and seen the portrayal of aliens and extraterrestrial life in literature and media. Write a Diary Entry in about 100 words?

    Answer: March 12, 20xx Dear Diary, Today was an intriguing day as I delved into the captivating world of literature, particularly exploring the portrayal of aliens and extraterrestrial life in the play "The Book That Saved the Earth." It was a fascinating journey through the imaginative realm of science fiction, where Martians, led by the egotistical Think-Tank, attempted to invade Earth but were thwarted by a simple misunderstanding of nursery rhymes

    As I reflected on the plays portrayal of aliens, I couldnt help but marvel at the creativity and diversity of interpretations that writers bring to the concept of extraterrestrial beings. From benevolent visitors to menacing invaders, aliens have been depicted in various forms across literature and media, reflecting humanitys curiosity and imagination about the unknown

    What struck me most about the play was its underlying theme of miscommunication and misunderstanding. Despite their advanced technology and intellect, the Martians failed to grasp the true meaning behind Earths cultural artifacts, leading to humorous yet consequential misinterpretations. It made me ponder how miscommunication can occur even between beings of different species, highlighting the importance of empathy, curiosity, and open-mindedness in fostering mutual understanding

    As I closed the book, I found myself contemplating the broader implications of miscommunication in our own lives. How often do we misinterpret others intentions or messages due to our own biases or lack of understanding? How can we strive to bridge the gap and foster genuine connections with those who are different from us

    Tonight, as I drift off to sleep, I carry with me a newfound appreciation for the power of storytelling to not only entertain but also provoke thought and reflection on the complexities of human nature and the vast mysteries of the universe. Until next time, xxxx

    Letter Writing

    Question 1.
    Thanking a mentor for their wisdom, encouragement, and belief in ones potential fosters a deep sense of appreciation and respect. Recognizing the mentors rol6 not only strengthens the mentor-mentee bond but also inspires others to pay it forward in mentoring relationships. Pen a letter to a mentor expressing your gratitude for their guidance?

    Answer: [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] [Mentors Name] [Mentors Position/Organization] [Organizations Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] Dear [Mentors Name], I hope this letter finds you well. As I reflect on my journey of growth and development, I am filled with an overwhelming sense of gratitude for the profound impact you have had on my life. I wanted to take a moment to express my deepest appreciation for your unwavering guidance, encouragement, and belief in my potential. When I first embarked on this journey, I was filled with uncertainty and apprehension, unsure of my abilities and unsure of what lay ahead. It was during this pivotal moment that you graciously stepped into my life, offering me not only your expertise and wisdom but also your unwavering support and encouragement

    Your mentorship has been nothing shdrt of transformative, empowering me to embrace challenges, navigate obstacles, and strive for excellence in every endeavor. Your insights, advice, and encouragement have not only helped me achieve my goals but have also inspired me to reach for heights I never thought possible

    More than just imparting knowledge and skills, you have instilled in me a sense of confidence, resilience, and determination to pursue my passions and aspirations fearlessly. Your belief in my potential has served as a beacon of light during moments of doubt and uncertainty, reminding me of the boundless possibilities that lie within reach

    I am profoundly grateful for the countless hours you have dedicated to nurturing my growth and development, patiently guiding me through challenges, celebrating my successes, and offering words of wisdom and encouragement along the way. Your mentorship has truly been a gift, and 1 am honored to have had the opportunity to learn from someone as wise, compassionate, and inspiring as you

    As I continue on my journey, I carry with me the invaluable lessons and insights you have imparted, knowing that your guidance will continue to shape and inspire me in all that I do. I am deeply humbled by your belief in me, and I am committed to honoring your legacy by paying it forward and empowering others on their paths to success

    Thank you, from the bottom of my heart, for your unwavering support, guidance, and belief in me. Your mentorship has made all the difference, and I am eternally grateful for the profound impact you have had on my life. With deepest gratitude and respect, [Your Name]

    Question 2.
    Climate change profoundly affects the environment. Rising temperatures lead to melting ice caps, raising sea levels and threatening coastal areas. Extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires become more frequent and severe, endangering ecosystems and human lives. Shifts in rainfall patterns disrupt agriculture, impacting food security worldwide. Ocean acidification harms marine life, jeopardizing delicate ecosystems like coral reefs. Biodiversity loss accelerates as habitats become uninhabitable for many species. The impacts of climate change ripple across the planet, posing significant challenges to sustainable development, human health, and the delicate balance of nature. Pen a letter to a friend discussing the impact of climate change on the environment?

    Answer: [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] [Friends Name] [Friends Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] Dear [Friends Name], I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to reach out to you to discuss a topic that weighs heavily on my mind lately: the profound impact of climate change on our environment. Climate change is no longer just a distant threat-its a reality that we are witnessing unfold before our eyes. The consequences of rising global temperatures are far-reaching and devastating, affecting ecosystems, communities, and livelihoods across the planet

    One of the most visible effects of climate change is the melting of ice caps and glaciers, leading to rising sea levels. As a result, coastal areas are increasingly threatened, putting millions of people at risk of displacement and loss of homes and livelihoods. The frequency and severity of extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires are also on the rise, wreaking havoc on communities and ecosystems alike

    Shifts in rainfall patterns and prolonged droughts are disrupting agriculture and food security worldwide, leading to crop failures, food shortages, and increased prices

    These impacts of climate change are not isolated - they are interconnected and exacerbate existing social, economic, and environmental challenges. The most vulnerable communities, including marginalized populations and developing countries, bear the brunt of the consequences, despite contributing the least to global greenhouse gas emissions

    Through sustainable practices, conservation efforts, and advocacy for climate action, we can make a meaningful difference in safeguarding our planet for future geherations. I urge you to join me in raising awareness, taking action, and advocating for policies that prioritize environmental protection and climate resilience

    Together, we have the power to shape a more sustainable and equitable future for all living beings on Earth. Lets stand united in our commitment to protect and preserve the precious gift of our planet. With hope and determination, [Your Name]

    Question 3.
    Business owners who prioritize community well-being deserve appreciation for their valuable contributions and dedication to making a positive difference. Their dedication strengthens local economies, providing jobs and resources. Supporting community events, charities, and initiatives demonstrates a commitment to social responsibility. By fostering partnerships and investing in neighborhood improvement projects, they enhance the quality of life for residents. Draft a letter to a local business owner praising their contribution to the community?

    Answer: [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZII? Code] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] [Business Owners Name] [Business Name] [Business Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] Dear [Business Owners Name], I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude for your remarkable contributions to our community. Your unwavering dedication to making a positive difference has not gone unnoticed, and I wanted to take a moment to commend you for your exemplary efforts

    As a local business owner, you play a vital role in strengthening our community and enhancing the well-being of its residents. Your commitment to social responsibility is truly commendable, and it is evident that you prioritize the needs and interests of our community in all aspects of your business endeavors

    Moreover, I am deeply impressed by your active engagement in community events, charities, and initiatives that aim to address pressing social and environmental issues. Your willingness to lend a helping hand and support worthy causes speaks volumes about your genuine commitment to the well-being of our community

    Your contributions extend far beyond the walls of your business establishment. Through your generosity and compassion, you have fostered a sense of unity and belonging among residents and have inspired others to join you in your mission to create positive change

    I want to express my heartfelt gratitude for your tireless dedication, passion, and leadership in championing community well-being. Your efforts have not only enriched the fabric of our community but have also set a shining example for others to follow

    Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions to our community. Your efforts are deeply appreciated and serve as a beacon of hope and inspiration for us all. With sincere gratitude and admiration, [Your Name]

    Information Transfer

    Question 1.
    Study the following bar graph carefully and write a paragraph based on the information given in it?

    Answer: The bar graph illustrates the financial growth of a particular entity over a five-year period, revealing a consistent upward trend in revenue generation. Beginning at $500,000 in 2017, the entity experienced steady annual increases, reaching $600,000 in 2018, $700,000 in 2019, $800,000 in 2020, and peaking at $900,000 in 2021. This progressive expansion in revenue signifies the entitys ability to adapt to market dynamics, capitalize on opportunities, and effectively manage resources

    The substantial growth observed over the years suggests successful strategic planning, sound financial management, and potentially the introduction of innovative products or services that have resonated with consumers. The bar graph underscores the entitys resilience and capacity for sustained growth, positioning it favorably for continued success in the future

    Question 2.
    Study the following pie chart carefully and write a paragraph based on the information given in it?

    Answer: The pie chart provides insights into the preferences of travelers regarding their preferred vacation destinations. Beach resorts emerge as the most favored choice, constituting 40% of the pie, indicating thewidespread appeal of coastal getaways and seaside relaxation. Mountains follow suit, representing 25% of preferences, reflecting the allure of scenic landscapes, outdoor activities, and tranquil mountain retreats among travelers. Historical cities claim a significant portion at 20%, highlighting the enduring interest in cultural exploration, heritage sites, and immersive experiences in ancient and historically rich destinations

    Theme parks secure a smaller but notable slice of the pie at 10%, showcasing the enduring popularity of amusement parks and entertainment complexes among families and thrill-seekers. Lastly, the countryside, while representing a smaller proportion at 5%, still captures the interest of travelers seeking tranquility, rural experiences, and connections with nature. The pie chart illuminates the diverse preferences and varied interests of travelers, reflecting the multitude of options available for memorable and enriching vacation experiences

    Question 3.
    Study the following table carefully and write a paragraph based on the information given in it, Causes of Road Accidents in India?

    Answer: The table presents a breakdown of the causes of road accidents in India, shedding light on the factors contributing to traffic incidents across the country. Speeding emerges as the leading cause, with a staggering 8500 incidents reported, indicating the pervasive issue of excessive speed among drivers on Indian roads. Following closely behind is drunk driving, accounting for 5200 accidents, highlighting the significant dangers posed by driving under the influence of alcohol. Distracted driving, with 3700 incidents, underscores the risks associated with divided attention while operating vehicles

    Poor road conditions contribute to 2800 accidents, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure maintenance and road safety measures. Reckless overtaking, responsible for 2500 accidents, highlights the need for better enforcement of traffic regulations and responsible driving practices. The table underscores the multifaceted nature of road safety challenges in India, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive measures to address these issues and improve traffic safety nationwide

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